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mm^mmm 


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3^.    ^\J—o-t.y— 


J 


rv 


URIBE'S 

Master-Key  to  the  Castilian 
Language. 

CASTILIAN    VERBS 


MODEL  CONJUGATIONS  of  the 

TEN   THOUSAND  f^GULAR. 

SEMI-IRREGULAR     AND     IR- 

REGULAR  VERBS. 


Complete  List  of  Irregular  Verbs  Alphabet! 

cally  Arranged.     Translated  Into 

English  and  Grammatically 

Classified  by 

Senor  Richardo  Uribe 

Graduate  of  La  Escuela  Naclonal  Preparatoria 

de  Mexico 
Former  Member  of  the  Faculties  of  the  Y.  M. 
C.  A.,  Harvard  School  (military),  Heald's  Busi- 
ness College,  Katharine  Tingley's  Institution, 
Hollman  Business  College,  Sawyer's  Business 
Traning  School,  California. 


DOMINGO  EZQUER  &  CO. 

Successors  to 

THE  LATIN-AMERICAN  PUBLISHING  CO. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  IT.  S.  A. 

1917 


Entered  According  to  Act  of  Congress 
in  the  Year  1913 

by 

PROF.  RICAEDO  URIBE 

in  tlie 

OflS.ce  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress 

at  Washington,  D.  C. 


All  Rights  Reserved. 


Contents.     ^]l}  ^ 

Introduction  9-11 

Advice  to  Teachers 12 

Advice  to  Students... 12-15 

Abbreviations  used  in  this  Book 8 

FIRST  PART 
Regular  Verbs 

First    Model    Conjugation    of    verbs 

ending  in   ar 16-17 

Orthographical  rules  of  verbs  end- 
ing in  ar 18-19 

Verbs  of  the  First  Conjugation  hav- 
ing two  past  participles 19 

Second  Model  Conjugation  of  verbs 

ending  in    er 20-21 

Orthographical  rules  of  verbs  end- 
ing in  er 22-23 

Verbs    of    the    Second    Conjugation 

having  two  past  participles 23 

Third  Model   Conjugation   of  verbs 

ending  in  ir 24-25 

Orthographical  rules  of  verbs  end- 
ing in  ir 26-27 

Verbs  of  the  Third  Conjugation  hav- 
ing two  past  participles -    27 

Notes  on  Eegular  and  Irregular 
Verbs  162-164 

SECOND  PART 

Irregular  Verbs 

Alphabetical  List  of  Verbs  Having 
Special  Irregularities 

Andar  .To  walk    30-31 

Asir    To  catch,  to  seize....  68-69 

Caber  To  contain,      to      go 

through,  to  hold..  66-67 

Caer To  fall 40-41 

Dar  To  give  38-39 

Decir    To  say,   to   tell 46-47 

Erguir   ...To  stand  erect 70-71 

5 


CONTENTS 


Irregular  Verbs— Continued 

Estar   To  be  (auxiliary)  in 

state     or     condi- 
tion    32-33 

Haber    To  have    (auxiliary)  36-37 

Haber Impersonal  136 

Hacer  To  do,   to   make 42-43 

Ir    To  go    44-45 

Oir   To  hear  56-57 

Placer    To  please   72-73 

Poder  To  be  able  48-49 

Podrir  (pudrir)  To  rot^  to  putrify,  to 

decay    74-75 

Poner  To  put,  to  place,  to 

lay  58-59 

Querer  To  want,  to  wish,  to 

love,  to  care  for..     50-51 

Saber  To  know     (to     have 

information)  52-53 

Ser   To  be    (auxiliary) 

speaking  of   qual- 
ities, etc 54-55 

Tener  To  have,  to  possess, 

to  hold  34-35 

Traer  To  bring  60-61 

Venir  To  come    62-63 

Ver  To  see  64-65 

Yacer  To  lie  dead 76-77 

THIRD  PABT 

Alphabetical  List  of  the  Twelve  Model 
Conjugations  in  Which  All  Other  Irregu- 
lar Verbs  Are  Divided 

Acertar   To  ascertain,   to   hit 

the  mark  80-81 

Adquirir,jugar  To  acquire,    to    play 

(games)    96-99 

Construir    To  construct,  to 

build  108-109 


CONTENTS 


Irregular  Verbs— Continued. 

Contar  To  count,   to  relate..     82-83 

Dormir,   morir..To  sleep,  to   die 100-103 

Nacer  To  be   born 84-85 

Eeir   To  laugh  92-93 

Sentir  To  feel,    to   regret....     94-95 

Servir  To  serve  90-91 

Taner  To  plav     (i  n  s  t  r  u  - 

ment,   etc.)    88-89 

Traducir   To  translate    86-87 

Valer,    salir To  be    worth,   to    go 

out 104-107 

FOURTH  PART 

Model  Conjugation  of  a  verb  in  all 

its  simple  and  compound  tenses.. ..112-121 

Conjugation  of  the  Auxiliarv  Verb 

To  Be  ". 122-123 

Model  Conjugation  of  a  reflexive 
verb  in  all  its  simple  and  com- 
pound  tenses   124-127 

Model  Conjugation  of  a  verb  in  its 

passive  voice  128-131 

Model    Conjugation    of    a    defective 

verb    132-133 

Model  Conjugation  of  an  impersonal 

verb    134-135 

Complete  alphabetical  list  of  verbs 
having  two  past  participles  (never 
published    before)    137-140 

Complete  alphabetical  list  of  irregu- 
lar verbs  translated  and  gramati- 
callv  classified  (never  published 
before)    141-162 

Notes  on  Keg.  and  Irreg.  Verbs 162-164 


ABBREVIATIOlSrS  USED  IN  THIS  BOOK 


a                 

-Stands 
<  ( 

)  for  active 

aux 

' '    auxiliary 

def 

i  i 

' '    defective 

E 

''    (Ellos)   they 

fam 

' '    familiar 

fut 

i  ( 

"    future 

impft 

I  i 

"    imperfect 

imp 

i  i 

' '    impersonal 

impve 

1 1 

* '    imperative 

ind 

1 1 

"    indicative 

inf 

( t 

'  *    infinitive 

N 

{ ( 

*'    (Nosotros)   we 

n.            

' '    neuter 

p.    or   plii- 

' '    plural 

part 

( t 

''    participle 

perft 

I  i 

' '   perfect 

prest 

( ( 

'*    present 

pret 

i  ( 

*  *    preterit 

r 

i  i 

''  reflexive  or  reciprocal 

s.  or  sing.- 

( i 

'  *    singular 

Sub 

1 1 

''    Subjunctive 

Ud 

( i 

''    (usted)  you,  sing. 

Uds 

• 

''    (ustedes),  you,  plu. 

V 

i  i 

"■    vos  0  vosotros  (you), 

sing,  and  plu. 


INTRODUCTION. 


A  unique  feature  of  this  new  pocket  dic- 
tionary is  tliat  it  gives  at  a  glance  the 
person,  mood  and  tense  of  every  verb  in 
the  Spanish  language — a  priceless  aid  and 
time-saver  to  the  student,  no  matter  what 
system  of  study  he  may  have  previously  pur- 
sued or  may  desire  to  follow  in  the  future. 
All  other  dictionaries,  even  those  published 
in  several  volumes,  give  only  the  infinitive 
of  the  verb,  leaving  the  inquirer  to  supply 
the  regular  or  irregular  terminations  from 
memory.  This  is  so  trying  a  task  for  the 
foreigner  that  many  an  otherwise  interested 
student  has  been  so  completely  discouraged 
as  to  abandon  the  study  of  this  beautiful 
and  most  necessary  language. 

With  the  present  work  at  hand  the  in- 
tricacies of  the  irregular  verbs  lose  their 
formidable  aspect,  for  here  are  found  the 
Spanish  verbs  with  all  their  English  equiv- 
alents expressed  in  a  clear  and  concise 
manner.  Many  years  of  experience  have 
taught  me  that  as  soon  as  the  student 
understands  the  mechanical  construction  of 
the  Spanish  verbs  he  not  only  learns  the 
language  rapidly  and  without  difficulty,  but 
the  verbs  which  had  frightened  him  at  first 
become  the  most  absorbingly  interesting 
and  fascinating  branch  of  language  study. 

Heretofore  the  hardest  problem  has  been 
to  present  the  different  conjugations  in  so 
clear  and  intelligible  a  form  that  they 
could  be  readily  comprehended,  memorized 
and  consulted  by  the  average  student,  by 


10  INTRODUCTION 

the  business  man,  or  by  those  who  for 
years  have  had  neither  time  nor  inclina- 
tion  to   review   their   grammar. 

How  often  we  hear,  as  a  protest  against 
the  study  of  verbs: 

''But  those  who  speak  Spanish  do  not 
ordinarily  know  the  verbs,  yet  they  speak 
the  language." 

This  is  true  to  a  limited  extent;  but  it 
is  also  true  that  such  persons  have,  from 
infancy,  heard  the  tongue  spoken  by  their 
parents  and  daily  associates,  during  a 
period  when  their  minds  were  plastic  and 
receptive,  and  sound  alone  was  sufficient  to 
impress  them.  Granting  this  to  be  true, 
children  at  the  age  of  six  years  cannot 
read,  write,  or  even  understand  thoroughly 
the  most  ordinary  social  conversation,  and 
at  no  age  can  a  person  who  has  never 
made  a  careful  study  of  the  verbs  occupy 
a  public  or  commercial  position,  for  in 
all  walks  of  life  a  perfect  understanding 
of  the  language  and  the  ability  to  express 
ideas  correctly  is  absolutely  essential  to 
the  successful  man  or  woman.  It  may 
be  added  that  the  subtle  beauties  of  the 
delightful  masterpieces  of  Spanish  litera- 
ture are  only  to  be  enjoyed  by  those  who 
completely  understand  the  verbs. 

Is  it  worth  while,  then,  for  the  pros- 
pective student,  by  neglecting  the  study 
of  verbs,  to  consume  at  least  six  years  in 
learning  to  speak  Spanish  no  better  than 
it  would  be  spoken  by  a  child  half  a  dozen 
years  old? 


INTRODUCTION 11 

By  a  properly  directed  study  of  the  verbs 
one  can,  in  a  remarkably  short  period,  not 
only  learn  to  read  and  understand  the  lan- 
guage, but  he  will  be  able  intelligently  and 
correctly  to  speak,  write  and  translate 
Spanish.  It  is  the  function  of  this  diction- 
ary so  to  direct  the  energies  of  the  novice 
that  he  may  escape  the  drudgery  and  yet 
master  the  verbs  with  the  minimum  ex- 
penditure of  time  and  effort. 

In  Uribe's  Master-Key  to  the  Castillian 
Language,  Part  One,  the  scholar  learns  to 
apply  these  verbs  in  practical  conversa- 
tion, becoming  familiar  not  alone  with 
their  usual  grammatical  significance,  but 
also  with  their  idiomatic  use. 

EICARDO  URIBE. 


12  ADVICE  TO  TEACHERS 


TO  THE  TEACHERS. 


1.  The  order  in  which  the  Spanish  verbs  are 
here  presented  is  the  result  of  my  many  years' 
experience  in  both  class  and  private  instruction. 
I  have  found  it  to  be  the  simplest,  most  logical 
and    progressive    form   that    can    be    devised. 

2.  This  arrangement  is  so  planned  that  the 
knowledge  gained  of  one  verb  greatly  facilitates 
the  learning  of  those  which  follow  it  in  the 
course. 

3.  A  business  man,  by  taking  two  lessons  each 
week,  should  be  able  within  six  months  to  mas- 
ter the  contents  of  this  book,  together  with  fifty 
lessons  of  "Uribe's  Master-Key  to  the  Castillian 
Language,"   Part  One. 

4.  A  high  school  student  should  be  able  to 
perform  the  same  amount  of  work  in  the  first 
period    (nine  months). 

5.  As  soon  as  the  scholar  has  learned  the 
auxiliary  verb  "To  Have"  (Haber),  he  should 
be  trained  to  use  it  with  every  verb  he  learns 
subsequently. 

TO  THE  STUDENTS. 


1.  The  study  of  the  Spanish  Verbs,  as  out- 
lined in  this  book,  is  the  easiest  part  of  the 
study  of  the   Spanish  language. 

2.  A  knowledge  of  the  verbs  economizes  time, 
and  enables  any  pupil,  without  exception,  to 
converse   freely    upon    all    practical    topics. 

3.  In  studying  the  verbs,  follow  strictly  the 
order  in  which  they  are  arranged  in  this  book; 
this  arrangement  is  the  result  of  much  pains- 
taking labor  and  careful  thought,  the  product 
of  the  accumulated  experience  of  scores  of  teach- 
ers and  authors ;  to  change  it  would  be  confus- 
ing   and    discouraging. 

4.  To  understand  thoroughly  the  use  of  the 
three  forms  of  the  imperfect  tense  of  the  sub- 
junctive mood,  i.  e.,  "Hablara,"  "Hablaria," 
"Hablase"  (I  would,  could,  should,_  or  might 
speak),    or   for   a   more   detailed   exposition   of   the 


ADVICE  TO  STUDENTS  13 


Spanish   verbs,   study   Lesson   29   of   "Uribe's   Mas- 
ter-Key  to  the  Castillian  Language,"   Part  One. 

5.  The  Castillian  language  contains  about  ten 
thousand  verbs  which  are  divided  as  follows : 
Regular  verbs  ending  in  ar  (See  pages  16-19)  3.000 
Regular  verbs  ending  in  er  (See  pages  20-23)  3,000 
Regular  verbs  ending  in  ir  (See  pages  24-27)  3,000 
Irregular  verbs  having  individual  irregular- 
ities   (See   pages   29-77) 24 

All   other  irregular  verbs   are  subject  to  the 
twelve  rules  found  on  Pages  80  to  109. 

6.  The  third  person  singular  always  corre- 
sponds to  the  pronouns  "he,"  "she,"  "it"  and 
"you,"  singular,  just  as  the  third  person  plural 
corresponds  to  the  pronouns  "they"  and  "you," 
plural.  Examples :  el,  ella,  ello,  usted  habla,  (he, 
she,  it  speaks,  j'ou  speak).  Ellos,  ellas,  ustedes 
hablan  (they  speak,  masculine  and  feminine,  you 
speak). 

7.  Be  careful  to  use  for  every  irregular  verb 
the  corresponding  regular  endings ;  for  example, 
"jugar"  (to  play),  and  "adquirir"  (to  acquire), 
have  the  same  irregularities,  but  "jugar"  takes 
the  endings  of  the  first  conjugation,  while 
"adquirir"  requires  the  endings  of  the  third  con- 
jugation. 

8.  NOMINATIVE  PRONOUNS.  In  general, 
the  nominative  pronouns  are  omitted,  and  are  used 
only  for  the  sake  of  emphasis,  or  to  avoid  con- 
fusion. However,  the  title  usted  (abbreviated  to 
v.,   Vd.   or  Ud.)    must   not   be    omitted. 

9.  SECOND  PERSON  SINGULAR  AND 
PLURAL.  The  second  person  singular,  for  ex- 
ample "hablas"  (thou  speakest),  is  used  in  ad- 
dressing the  Deity,  or  in  conversation  with  rela- 
tives, intimate  friends,  children  and  servants.  The 
second  person  plural,  which  corresponds  also  to 
the  singular,  for  example,  "vos"  or  "vosotros 
hablais,"  (ye  speak),  is  employed  in  addressing 
rulers,  diplomatic  agents,  audiences,  and,  in  some 
cases,  the  Deity. 

10.  ACCENTUATION.  Words  of  two  or  more 
sj'llables  ending  in  a  vowel,  diphthong,  n  or  s, 
have  their  prosodical  accent  on  the  sj'llable  next 
to  the  last.  Examples:  hablo,  hablas,  hablan 
(I  speak,  thou  speakest.  they  speak).  Those 
ending  in  a  consonant  are  accented  on  the  last 
syllable.  Examples :  hablar,  comer,  permitir  (to 
speak,  to  eat,  to  permit).  Words  not  following 
the  preceding  rules  have  the  stress  indicated  by 
an  acute  accent  mark.  Examples :  hablais,  habla- 
bamos,  hable.  hablareis  (you  speak,  we  used  to 
siJeak,    I    spoke,    you    will    speak). 


14  ADVICE  TO  STUDENTS 


j        11.     DIVISION    OF    SYLLABLES.      Spanish 
f    syllables   are  supposed   to   begin   with   a  consonant, 
■    except  initial  ones.      Examples:  an-dar,  ab-sol-ver, 
ad-he-rir    (to   walk,    to    absolve,    to    adhere).      Ch,    ' 
11    and    rr    cannot    be    separated :    que-rria,    ha-llar, 
e-char   (I   would  like,  to  find,  to  eject).      Syllables 
formed   by  a   single  vowel    should   not   stand   alone 
at    the    end    of    a   line,    for    example,    e-char.      The   { 
combination   of   any   consonant   with   1   or  r   cannot    1 
be    separated.      Examples :    ha-blo,    es-cri-bo,    com-    i 
pro,  con-tra-to,  cua-drar   (I  speak,  I  write,  I  buy, 
1  contract,  to  square). 

12.  PRONUNCIATION.  A  good  instructor 
can  teach  the  pronunciation  in  a  few  lessons  far 
better  than  all  that  could  be  written  on  the  sub- 
ject, and  the  student  is  earnestly  advised  to  ob- 
tain such  assistance.  For  those  who,  for  vari- 
ous reasons,  may  be  unable  to  avail  themselves 
of  the  services  of  a  living  instructor,  the  follow- 
ing remarks  and  table  will  afford  a  means  of 
acquiring  the  correct  pronunciation  as  closely 
as  is  possible  through  the  medium  of  printed 
characters. 

There  are  two  accepted  pronunciations,  thai, 
Castillian  and  the  Spanish-American ;  the  only 
differences  being  in  the  sound  of  "c"  before  "e" 
and  "i,"  and  "z"  and  ;'H"  in  all  positions.  All 
are  given  in  their  various  combinations  in  the 
following  table : 

"C"    is    universally    sounded    like    English    "k" 
except    when    followed    by    "e"    or    "i,"    in    which 
positions  it  takes,  according  to  the  Castillian  cus- 
tom,   the    sound    of    "th"    in    thin.      The    Spanish- 
,     American    sound    in    the    same    positions    is    that 

of  "s"  in  soon, 
i         "Z"   is    always   lisped   in    Castillian,   having   the    ', 
sound   of   "th"   in   thank,   but   in   Spanish-American 
countries  it  is  sounded  like  "s"  in  sweet. 

"LI"     in     Castillian     is    identical    with    "11"    in 
!      William,   but   in   the   American   pronunciation   it  is 
modified    by    the    almost    complete    suppression    of 
the    "1"    until    it    sounds   like    "y"    in    yawn. 

"G"  before  "e"  or  "i"  is  aspirated  like  "h"  in  \ 
home.  » 

"H"  is   always  silent. 

"J"  is  heavily  aspirated,  as  "h"  in  the  English 
word  hot.  — ^ 


"U"  in  the  combinations  "gue,"  "gui,"  que,  qui, 
is    silent    except    when    marked    with   a   dieresis. 

The  vowels  are : 

a,  which  is  pronounced  as  a  in  palm. 

e,  which  is  pronounced  as  e  in  they. 


ADVICE  TO  STUDENTS  15 


i,  which  is  pronounced  as  i  in  machine. 

o,  which  is  pronounced  as  o  in  cone. 

u,  which  is  pronounced  as  oo  in  pool. 

Following    are    the    fundamental     syllabic    com- 
binations   with    the    figured   pronunciation : 

ca,  ce,  ci,  co,  cu,  pronounced  kah,  say,  see,  ko, 
koo   (Spanish-American). 

ce,  ci,   pronounced  thay,  thee    (Castillian). 

cha.  che,  chi,  cho,  chu,  pronounced  chah,  chay, 
chee,    choh,    choo. 

ga,  ge,  gi,  go,  gu,  pronounced  gah,  hay,  he,  goh 
goo. 

ha,  he,  hi,  ho,  hu,  pronounced  ah,  ay,  ee,  oh,  oo. 

ja,   je,   ji,   jo,   ju,   pronounced   ha,   hay,   he,   hoe, 
hoo. 

11a,    lie,    IH,    lie,    Uu,    pronounced    yah,    yay,    ye, 
yoh,   you    (Spanish- American). 

11a,  lie,  Hi,  llo,  llu,  pronounced  lyah,  lyay,  lyee, 
lyoh,  lyou    (Castillian). 

iia,  lie,  iii,  no,  nu,  pronounced  nyah,  nyay,  nyee, 
nyoh,  nyoo. 

ya,  ye,  yi,  yo,  yu,  pronounced  yah,  yay,  yee, 
yoh,  yoo. 

ay,  ey,  oy,  uy,  pronounced  ahee,  aee,  ohee, 
ooee. 

za,  ze,  zi,  zo,  zu,  pronounced  sah,  say,  see,  sow, 
soo    (Spanish-American). 

za,  ze,  zi,  zo,  zu,  pronounced  thah,  thay,  thee, 
thoh,    thoo    (Castillian). 

gue,  gui,  gue,  giji  pronounced  gay,  ghee,  gooay, 
gooee. 

que,   qui,    pronounced   kay,  key. 

The  other  syllables  are  pronounced  as  in  Eng- 
lish: ba  (bah);  da  (dah)  ;  fa  (fah)  ;  la  (lah)  ; 
ma  (mah)  ;  na  (nah)  ;  pa  (pah) ;  axa  (aksah) ; 
arra    (ahrrah). 


REGULAR  VERBS. 

MODEL  OF  THE  FIRST  CONJUGATION. 

Simple  tenses  of  the  3,000  regular  verbs 
3nding  in  ar. 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*Habl  ar        To  speak  (Present) 
Habl  ando   Speaking  (Present  Participle) 
Habl  ado      Spoken      (Past  Participle) 

INDICATIVE  MODE.    Present. 
fYo  habl  0  I  speak,  I  am  speaking 

Tu  habl  as  Thou  speakest,  etc, 

jEl    habl  a  He  speaks,  etc. 

N.    habl  amos       We  speak,  etc. 
V.    habl  ais  You  speak,  etc. 

E.    habl  an  Thev  speak,  etc. 

Past  Imperfect.        [speaking 
Yo.  habl  aba  I  used  to   speak,  I   was 

Tu  habl  abas        Thou  used  to  speak,  etc. 
El    habl  aba  He  used  to  speak,  etc. 

N.    habl  abamos   ^^^  used  to  speak,  etc. 
V.    habl  abais       You  used  to  speak,  etc. 
E.    habl  aban        They  used  to  speak,  etc. 

Past  Perfect. 
Yo.  habl  e  I  spoke,  I  did  speak 

Tu  hablaste  Thou  spokest,  etc. 

El    habl  6  He  spoke^  etc. 

N.  habl  amos  We  spoke,  etc. 
V.  habl  asteis  You  spoke,  etc. 
E.    habl  aron        They  spoke,  etc. 

Imperfect  Future. 
Yo  habl  are  I  will  or  shall  speak 

Tu  hablaras         Thou  wilt  or  shalt  speak 
El    habl  ara  He  will  or  shall  speak 

N.  habl  aremos  We  will  or  shall  speak 
V.  hablareis  You  will  or  shall  speak 
E.    habl  aran         They  will.or  shall  speak 

IMPERATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Hablatu         Speak  (thou),  familiar 

HableUd.       Speak  (you),  singular 
•  Habl  emos  N.  Let  us  speak 

Habl  ad  V.       Speak  (you) ,  sing.  &  plu. 

HablenUds.   Speak  (you),  plural 

ttSee  notes  on  page  13. 

16 


REGULAR  VERBS 


17 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.    Present. 


Que  vo 
"     tii 


<  < 


<  ( 

I  < 


el 

N. 
Y. 
E. 


hable 
tables 
liable 
habl  emos 
habl  eis 
habl en 

Imperfect. 


Yo  habl ara 


habl  aras 
habl ara 
habl  aramos 
habl  arais 
habl aran 


That  I  (may)  speak 
That  thou  mayest,  etc. 
That  he  (may)  speak 
That  we  (may)  speak 
That  you  (may)  speak 
That  thev  mav,  etc. 

First  Form. 
I  would,  could,  should 

or  might  speak 
Thou  wouldst,  etc.,  speak 
He  would,  etc.,  speak 
We  would,  etc.,  speak 
You  would,  etc.,  speak 
They  would,  etc.,  speak 

Second  Form,    [might  speak 
habl  aria         I  would,  could,  should  or 
habl  arias        Thou  wouldst,  etc.,  speak 
habl  aria         He  would,  etc.,  speak 
habl  ariamos  We  would,  etc.,  speak 
habl  ariais      You  would,  etc.,  speak 
habl  arian       They  would,  etc.,  speak 
Third  Form,     [might  speak 
habl  ase  I  would,  could,  should  or 

habl  ases         Thou  wouldst,  etc.,  speak 
habl  ase  He  would,  etc.,  speak 

habl  asemos  We  would,  etc.,  speak 
You  would,  etc.,  speak 
They  would,  etc.,  speak 

Future.         [might  speak 
I  would,  could,  should  or 
Thou  wouldst,  etc.,*speak 
He  would,  etc.,  speak 
We  would,  etc.,  speak 
You  would,  etc.,  speak 
They  would,  etc.,  speak 
*Habl  is  the  stem  of  this  verb  and  does 

not  change  in  the  conjugation  because  the 

stems  in  the   regular  verbs   never   change. 
Ar  is  the  ending  of  the  verbs  of  the  First 

Conjugation,  its  various  changes  form  the 

different  tenses. 


Tu 

El 

N. 

V. 

E. 

Yo 

Tu 

El 

N. 

V. 

E. 

Yo 

Tii 

El 

N. 

V. 

E. 


hablaseis 
habl  asen 


Yo  habl  are 
Tii  habl  ares 
El    habl are 
N.    habl  aremos 
V.    hablareis 
E.    hablaren 


18 REGULAR  VERBS 

ORTHOGRAPHICAL  RULES  OF  REGU- 
LAR VERBS  ENDING  IN  "AR" 

I. 

Regular  verbs  ending  in  "car'^  change 
"c"'  in  to  '*qu"  to  retain  the  hard  sound 
of  c  before  e,  in  the  following  persons  and 
tenses:  INFINITIVE 

Practicar  To  practice 

INDICATIVE.     Perfect  Past. 

Practique  I  practiced,  I  did  practice 

IMPERATIVE. 
Practique  Ud.  Practice   (singular) 

Practiquemos  N.      Let  us  practice 
Practiquen  Uds.      Practice  (plural) 

SUBJUNCTIVE.  Present. 
Que  yo  practique         That  I  may  practice 
*<    tu  practiques        That  thou  mayest 

practice 
"    el    practique         That  he  may,  etc. 
' '    N.  practiquemos  That  we  may,  etc. 
' '     V.  practiqueis       That  you  may,  etc. 
' '    E.  practiquen       That  they  may,  etc. 

II. 

Those  ending  in  ''gar"  add  ''u'*  after 
the  g  to  keep  the  hard  sound  of  this  let- 
ter before  e,  in  the  following  persons  and 
tenses:  INFINITIVE. 

Pagar  To  pay 

INDICATIVE.     Perfect  Pa^t. 
Pague  I  paid,  I  did  pay 

IMPERATIVE. 
Pague  Ud.  Pay  (singular) 

Paguemos  N.  Let  us  pay 

Paguen  Uds.  Pay  (plural) 

SUBJUNCTIVE.  Present. 
Que  yo  pague  That  I  may  pay 

"    tu  pagues        That  thou  mayest  pay 
"     el    pague  That  he  may  pay 

' '    N.  paguemos  That  we  may  pay 
' '    V.  pagueis       That  you  may  pay 
"    E.  paguen        That  they  may  pay 


REGULAR   VERBS  19 


in. 

Those  ending  in  ''zar''  change  ''z"  into 
''c"  before  e  to  follow  general  orthograph- 
ical rules,  in  the  following  persons  and 
tenses: 

INFINITIVE. 

Gozar  To  enjoy 

INDICATIVE.     Perfect  Past. 

Goce  I  enjoyed,  I  did  enjoy 

IMPERATIVE. 

GoceUd.  Enjoy  (singular) 

Gocemos  N.  Let  us  enjoy 

Gocen  Uds.  Enjoy  (plural) 


Qn 


SUBJUNCTIVE.  Present. 

yo  goce  That  I  may  enjoy 

tu  goces  That  thou  mayest  enjoy 

el    goce  That  he  may,  etc. 

X.  gocemos  That  we  may.  etc. 

V.  goceis  That  you  may,  etc. 

E.  gocen  That  they  may,  etc. 


Eegular  Verbs  having  two  past  parti- 
ciples of  which  the  second  or  irregular  one, 
is  used  as  an  adjective  only:  see  pages 
137  to  140. 


20 


REGULAR   VERBS 


MODEL    OF 


CONJUGA- 


THE    SECOND 
TION. 

Simple  tenses  of  the  3,000  regular  verbs 
ending  in   er. 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 
*Comer  To  eat  (Present) 

Comiendo  Eating  (Present  Part 'ep.) 

Coniido  Eaten  (Past  Participle) 

INDICATIVE  MODE.      Present. 
I  eat,  I  am  eating 
Thou  eatest,  etc. 
He  eats,  etc. 
We  eat,  etc. 
You  eat,  etc. 
They  eat,  etc. 

Past  Imperfect. 
I  used  to  eat, 
Thou  used  to  eat,  etc. 
He  used  to  eat,  etc. 
We  used  to  eat,  etc. 
You  used  to  eat,  etc. 
They  used  to  eat,  etc. 

Past  Perfect. 

I  ate,  I  did  eat 
Thou  atest,  etc. 
He  ate,  etc. 
We  ate,  etc. 
You  ate,  etc. 
Thev  ate,  etc. 


Yo 

Tii 
El 

N. 

v. 

E. 

Yo 
Tu 
El 

N. 
V. 
E. 


como 

comes 

come 

comemos 

comeis 

com  en 

comia 

comias 

comia 

comiamos 

comiais 

comian 


[eating 
I  was 


Yo  comi 
Tu  comiste 
El    comio 
comimos 
com  isteis 
com  ieron 


N. 
V. 
E. 


Imperfect  Future. 


Yo  com  are 

Tu  com  eras 

El  com  era 

N.  com  eremos 

V.  com  erels 

E.  com  eran 


I  will  or  shall  eat 
Thou  wilt  or  shalt  eat 
He  will  or  shall  eat 
We  will  or  shall  eat 
You  will  or  shall  eat 
They  will  or  shall  eat 


IMPERATIVE  MODE.    Present. 


Come  tu 
Coma  Ud. 
Com  amos  N. 
Comed  V. 
Com  an  Uds. 


Eat   (thou)  Familiar 
Eat  (you)  singular 
Let  us  eat 

Eat  (you)  sing,  and  plu. 
Eat  (you)  plural 


REGUIiAR   VERBS 


21 


Que 

vo 

coma 

tu 

comas 

el 

coma 

N. 

comamos 

V. 

comais 

E. 

com  an 

Yo 
Tii 

El 

N. 
V. 
E. 

Yo 

Tu 

El 

N. 

V. 

E. 

Yo 

Tii 

El 

N. 

V. 

E. 


Yo 
Tu 
]El 

N. 
V. 
E. 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.    Present 
That  I  (mav)  eat 
That  thou  (ma vest)  eat 
That  he  (may)  eat 
That  we  (may)  eat 
That  you  (may)  eat 
That  they  (mav)  eat 

fro  fc-        / 

Imperfect.    First  Form 
comiera  I  would,  could,  should  or 

might  eat 
Thou  wouldst,  etc.,  eat 
He  would,  etc.,  eat 
We  would,  etc.,  eat 
You  would,  etc.,  eat 
They  would,  etc.,  eat 
Second  Form.       [might  eat 
I  would,  could,  should  or 


comieras 

comiera 

comieramos 

comierais 

comieran 


comeria 

comerias 

comeria 

comeriamos 

comeriais 

comerian 


Thou  wouldst,  etc.,  eat 


comiese 

comieses 

comiese 

comiesemos 

comiesels 

com  iesen 


eomiere 
comieres 
com  iere 
comieremos 
com  iereis 
com  ieren 


He  would,  etc.,  eat 
"We  would,  etc.,  eat 
You  would,  etc.,  eat 
They  would,  etc.,  eat 
Third  Form.         (might  eat 
I  would,  could,  should  or 
Thou  wouldst,  etc.,  eat 
He  would,  etc.,  eat 
We  would,  etc.,  eat 
You  would,  etc.,  eat 
They  would,  etc.,  eat 

Future.  [might  eat 

I  would,  could,  should  or 
Thou  wouldst,  etc.,  eat 


He  would,  etc.,  eat 
We  would,  etc.,  eat 
You  would,  etc.,  eat 
They  would,  etc.,  eat 

*Com  is  the  stem  of  this  verb.  The  stem 
of  a  regular  verb  never  changes  in  the 
conjugation. 

Er  is  the  ending  of  the  verb  and  its  vari- 
ous changes  form  the  different  tenses.  See 
notes  on  page  13. 


22   ♦    BEGULAR  VERBS 

ORTHOGRAPHICAL  RULES  OF  REGU- 
LAR VERBS  ENDING  IN  "ER" 

I. 

Regular  verbs  ending  in  "cer,"  change 
"c"  into  ''z"  before  a  or  o  to  keep  the 
soft  sound  of  c,  in  the  following  persons 
and  tenses:       INFINITIVE. 

Veneer  To  conquer 

INDICATIVE.  Present. 
Venzo  I  conquer 

IMPERATIVE. 

VenzaUd.  Conquer  (singular) 

Venzamos  N.  Let  us  conquer 

Venzan  Uds.  Conquer  (plural) 

SUBJUNCTIVE.  Present. 
Que  yo  venza  That  I  may  conquer 

"     tu  venzas         That  thou  mayest  conquer 

"    el    venza  That  he  may,  etc. 

"    N.  venzamos    That  we  may,  etc. 

"    V.  venzais        That  you  may,  etc. 

''    E.  venzan        That  they  may,  etc. 

II. 
Those    ending   in    "ger,"    change    *'g" 
into  "j"  before  a  and  o,  to  keep  the  hard 
sound  of  g,  in  the  following  persons  and 
tenses:  INFINITIVE. 

Proteger  To  protect 

INDICATIVE.  Present. 
Protejo  I  protect 

IMPERATIVE. 
Proteja  Ud.  Protect  (singular) 

Protejamos  N.  Let  us  protect 

Protejan  Uds.  Protect  (plural) 

SUBJUNCTIVE.  Present. 
Que  yo  proteja  That  I  may  protect 

"     tu  protejas  That  thou  mayest 

protect 
"    el    proteja  That  he  may,  etc. 

"    N.  protejamos      That  we  may,  etc. 
"    V.  protejais  That  you  may,  etc. 


( ( 


E.  protejan  That  they  may,  etc. 


REGULAR  VERBS  23 

in. 

Those  ending  in  '*eer,"  change  the  ''1" 
of  the  regular  endings  in  to  "y"  (for  the 
sake  of  euphony),  in  the  following  persons 
and  tenses: 

INFINITIVE. 

Leer  To  read 

Leyendo  Reading  (Past,  Parte.) 

INDICATIVE.     Perfect  Pa^t. 

Leyo  He.  she,  you  read 

Leyeron  They  read 

SUBJUNCTIVE.  Imperfect. 

Yo  leyera  I  would,  could,  should  or 

or  leyese  might  read 

Tu  leyeras  Thou    wouldst,    shouldst. 

or  leyeses  etc.,  read 

El    leyera  He  would,  should,  could. 

or  leyese  etc,   read 

X.    leyeramos  We  would,  could,  should, 

or  leyesemos     etc,  read 

V,    leyerais  You  would,  could,  should, 

or  leyeseis  etc,  read 

E,    leyeran  They  would,  could, 

or  leyesen  should,  etc.,  read 

SUBJUNCTIVE.  Future. 

Yo  leyere  I  would,  etc,  read 

Tu  leyeres  Thou  wouldst,  etc,  read 

El    leyere  He  would,  etc,  read 

N,    leyeremos  We  would,  etc.,  read 

V,    leyereis  You  would,  etc,  read 

E,    leyeren  They  would,  etc,  read 


Pegular  verbs  of  the  second  conjugation 
having  two  past  participles,  of  which  the 
second,  or  irregular  one,  is  used  as  an 
adjective  only:  see  pages  137  to  140. 


24 


REGULAR  VERBS 


MODEL  OF  THE  THIRD  CONJUGATION. 

Simple  tenses  of  the  3^000  regular  verbs 
ending  in  ir. 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*Viv  ir  To  live  (Present) 

Viv  iendo  Living  (Present  Partic.) 

Viv  ido  Lived   (Past  Participle) 

INDICATIVE  MODE.    Present. 

Yd  viv  0  I  live,  I  am  living 

Tii  viv  es  Thou  livest,  etc. 

El    viv  e  He  lives,  etc. 

N.    viv  imos  We  live,  etc. 

V.    viv  is  You  live,  etc. 

E.    viv  en  They  live,  etc. 

Past  Imperfect. 

I  used  to  live,  I  was  living 


Yo 

Tu 

El 

X. 

V. 

E. 

Yo 

Tu 
El 

N. 
V. 
E. 

Yo 
Til 
El 

V. 
E. 


vivia 

viv  ias 
viv  ia 
viv  iamos 
viv  iais 
viv  ian 


Thou  used  to  live,  etc. 


He  used  to  live,  etc. 
"We  used  to  live,  etc. 
You  used  to  live,  etc. 
They  used  to  live,  etc. 

Past  Perfect. 

viv  i  I  lived,  I  did  live 

viv  iste  Thou  livedest,  etc. 

viv  io  He  lived,  etc. 

viv  imos  We  lived,  etc. 

viv  isteis  You  lived,  etc. 

viv  ieron  They  lived,  etc. 

Imperfect  Future. 

I  Trill  or  shall  live 
Thou  wilt  or  shalt  live 
He  will  or  shall  live 
We  will  or  shall  live 
You  will  or  shall  live 
Thev  will  or  shall  live 


VIV  ire 
viv  iras 
viv  ira 
viv  iremos 
viv  ireis 
viv  iran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE.     Present. 


Viv  e  tu 
Viv  a  Ud. 
Viv  amos  N. 
Viv  id  V. 
Viv  an  Uds. 


Live  (thou)  familiar 
Live  (you)  singular 
Let  us  live 

Live  (you)  sing.  &  plu. 
Live   (you)  plural 


BEGULAE,  VERBS 


25 


}ne 

JO 

viva 

tu 

vivas 

el 

viva 

M. 

viv  amos 

V. 

viv  ais 

E. 

VI V  an 

Yo 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.    Present. 

That  I   (may)   live 
That  thou  (may est)  live 
That  he  (may)  live 
That  we  (may)  live 
That  you  (may)  live 
That  they  (may)  live 

Imperfect.     First  Form, 
viv  iera  I  would,  could,  should  or 

might  live 
Thou  wouldst,  etc.,  live 
He  would,  etc.,  live 
We  would,  ete.^  live 
You  would,  etc.,  live 
They  would,  etc.,  live 

Second  Form.        might  live 
I  would,  could,  should  or 
Thou  wouldst,  etc.,  live 
He  would,  etc.,  live 
We  would,  etc.,  live 
You  would,  etc.,  live 
They  would,  etc.,  live 
Third  Form.  might  live 

I  would,  could,  should  or 
Thou  wouldst.  etc.,  live 
He  would,  etc.,  live 
We  would,  etc.,  live 
You  would,  etc.,  live 
They  would,  etc.,  live 
Future.  might  live 

I  M'ould,  could,  should  or 
Thou  wouldst,  etc.,  live 
He  would,  etc.,  live 
We  would,  etc.,  live 
You  would,  etc.,  live 
They  would,  etc.,  live 

*Viv  is  the  stem  of  this  verb.  The  stem 
of  a  regular  verb  never  changes  in  the  con- 
jugation. 

Ir  is  the  ending  of  this  verb  and  its  vari- 
ous changes  form  the  different  tenses.  See 
notes  on  page  13. 


Tu 

viv  ieras 

El 

viv  iera 

N. 

viv  ieramos 

V. 

viv  ierais 

E. 

viv  ieran 

c 

Yo 

viv  iria 

Tu 

viv  irias 

El 

viv  irla 

N. 

viv  iriamos 

V. 

viv  iriais 

E. 

viv  irian 

Y^o 

viv  iese 

Tu 

viv  ieses 

El 

viv  iese 

N. 

viv  iesemos 

V. 

viv  ieseis 

E. 

viv  iesen 

Yo 

viv  iere 

Tu 

viv  ieres 

El 

viv  iere 

N. 

viv  ieremos 

V. 

viv  iereis 

E. 

viv  ieren 

26       REGULAR  VERBS 

ORTHOGRAPHICAL  RULES  OF  REGU- 
LAR VERBS  ENDING  IN  "IR" 

I. 

^Regular  verbs  ending  in  "cir, "  change 
*'c"  into  '*z"  to  keep  the  soft  sound  of 
c  before  a  and  o,  in  the  following  persons 
and  tenses:       INFINITIVE. 

Fruneir  To  f rawn,  to  curl,  to  plait 

INDICATIVE.  Present. 
Frunze  I  frawn,  etc. 

IMPERATIVE. 
Frunza  Ud.  Frawn    (singular) 

Frunzamos  N.  Let  us  frawn 

Frunzan  Uds.  Frawn  (plural) 

SUBJUNCTIVE.  Present. 

Que  yo  frunza  That  I  may  frawn 

tu  frunzas  That  thou  mayest 

el    frunza  That  he  may,  etc. 

N.  frunzamos  That  we  may,  etc. 

V.  frunzais  That  you  may,  etc. 

E.  frunzan  That  they  may,  etc. 

II. 
Those  ending  in  ''guir,"  drop  the  "u" 
before  "a"  and  ''o"  to  keep  the  original 
sound  of  hard  ''g,"  in  the  following  per- 
sons and  tenses:    INFINITIVE. 

Extinguir  To  extinguish 

INDICATIVE.  Present. 
Extingo  I  extinguish 

IMPERATIVE, 
ExtingaUd.  Extinguish   (singular) 

Extingamos  N.         Let  us  extinguish 
ExtinganUds.         Extinguish   (plural) 

SUBJUNCTIVE.  Present. 
Que  yo  extinga  That  I  may  extinguish 

"    tu  extingas  That  thou  mayest 

extinguish 
"    el    extinga  That  he  may,  etc. 

''     N.  extingamos      That  we  may,  etc. 
' '    V.  extingais  That  you  may,  etc. 

' '    E.  extiugan  That  they  may,  etc. 


REGULAR   VERBS  27 


Que 

yo 

delinca 

tu 

delincas 

el 

delinca 

N. 

delincamos 

V. 

delincais 

E. 

delincan 

III. 

Those    ending    in    ''quir,"    change    the 
''qu"  into  "c"  before  a  and  o: 
INTINITIVE. 
Delinquir  To  transgress 

INDICATIVE.  Present. 
Delinco  I  transgress 

IMPERATIVE. 
Delinca  Ud.  Transgress  (singular) 

Delincamos  N.         Let  us  transgress 
Delincan  Uds.  Transgress  (plural) 

SUBJUNCTIVE.  Present. 

That  I  may  transgress 
That  thou  mayest,  etc. 
That  he  may,  etc. 
That  we  may,  etc. 
That  you  may,  etc. 
That  they  may,  etc. 

IV. 

Those    ending   in    ''gir"    change   g   into 
^'y  before  a  and  o: 

INFINITIVE. 

Dirigir  To  direct,  to  address 

INDICATIVE.     Present. 
Dirijo  I  direct,  I  address 

IMPERATIVE. 

Dirija  Ud.  Direct,  address   (sing.) 

Dirijamos  N.  Let  us  direct,  etc. 

Dirijan  Uds.  Direct,  address   (plural) 

SUBJUNCTIVE.     Present. 

Que  yo  dirija  That  I  may  direct 

"    tu  dirijas  That  thou  mayest  direct 

"     el    dirija  That  he  may  direct 

''     N.  dirijamos  That  we  may  direct 

' '    V.  dirijais  That  you  may  direct 

''     E.  dirijan  That  they  may  direct 


Regular  verbs  having  two  past  part- 
iciples: see  pages  137  to  140.  For  those 
with  irregular  past  participles  and  other 
peculiarities:   see  page  162-1G3. 


SECOND  PART. 


IRREGULAR  VERBS. 

The  following  rules  are  applied  to  anv 
of  the  irregular  verbs. 

(1)  The  present  of  subjunctive  is  always 
begun  with  the  third  person  singular  of  the 
imperative  mode. 

(2)  The  first  form  of  the  imperfect  of 
subjunctive  is  formed  with  the  stem  of  the 
third  person  singular  of  the  perfect  past, 
indicative  mode,  and  the  regular  endings 
of  the  second  conjugation  of  said  imperfect. 

(3)  The  stem  of  the  second  form  of  the 
imperfect  of  subjunctive  is  the  same  stem 
of  the  future  tense,  indicative  mode. 

(4)  The  stem  of  the  third  form  of  the 
imperfect  of  subjunctive  is  the  same  stem 
of  the  first  form  of  the  same  tense. 

(5)  The  second  person  plural  of  the  Im- 
perative Mode  is  always  the  present  of  the 
Infinitive  ^lode,  ending  in  ''d"  instead  of 
"r";  as,  ir,  to  go;  id,  go. 

See  the  verb  AXDAE,  to  walk,  on  next 
page;  it  is  marked  with  the  same  numbers 
these  rules  have. 

Any  verb  resulting  from  the  combina- 
tion of  an  irregular  verb  and  a  preposi- 
tion, etc.,  has  to  follow  the  same  irregular 
form  as  the  original  verb,  as:  Contener, 
detener,  retener.  sostener  follow  the  con- 
jugation of  teuer,  page  34. 


29 


30 


IRREGULAR  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*ANDAR 

To  walk.     Present. 

ANDANDO 

Walking.     Present  part. 

ANDADO 

Walked.   Past  participle. 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Ando 

I  walk  or  I  am  walking 

Andas 

Thou  walkest 

Anda 

He  walks 

Andamos 

We  walk 

Andais 

You  walk 

Andan 

They  walk 

Past  Imperfect.        walking 

Andaba 

I  used  to  walk  or  I  was 

Andabas 

Thou  used  to  walk,  etc. 

Andaba 

He  used  to  walk,  etc. 

Andabamos 

We  used  to  walk,  etc. 

Andabais 

You  used  to  walk,  etc. 

Andaban 

They  used  to  walk,  etc. 

Past  Perfect. 

Anduve 

I  walked  or  I  did  walk 

Anduviste 

Thou  didst  walk 

Anduvo   (2) 

He  walked,  etc. 

Anduvimos 

We  walked,  etc. 

Anduvisteis 

Y^ou  walked,  etc. 

Anduvieron 

They  walked,  etc. 

Future  Imperfect. 

Andare  (3) 

I  shall  or  will  walk 

Andaras 

Thou  shalt  or  wilt  walk 

Andara 

He  shall  or  will  walk 

Andaremos 

We  shall  or  will  walk 

Andareis 

Y^'ou  shall  or  will  walk 

Andaran 

They  shall  or  will  walk 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Anda  tu 

Walk  (thou),  fam. 

Ande  Ud.  (1) 

Walk  (you),  form. 

Andemos  N. 

Let  us  walk 

Andad  V.  (5) 

Walk  (you),  s.  and  p. 

Anden  Uds. 

Walk  (you),  plural 

IRREGULAR  VERBS 


31 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 


Que  TO  ande  (1) 
tu  andes 
el    ande 
X.  andemos 
V.  andeis 
E.  anden 


That  I  may  walk 
That  thou  mayest  walk 
That  he  may  walk 
That  we  may  walk 
That  you  may  walk 
That  thev  mav  walk 


Imperfect.     First  Form. 


Anduviera   (2) 


Anduvieras 

Anduviera 

Anduvieramos 

Anduvierais 

Anduvieran 

Andaria    (3) 


I  would,  could,  should  or 

might  walk 
Thou  wouldst,  etc. 
He  would,  etc. 
We  would,  etc. 
You  would,  etc. 
They  would,  etc. 

Second  Form. 


Andarias 

Andaria 

Andariamos 

Andariais 

Andarian 


I  would,  could,  should  or 

might  walk 
Thou  wouldst,  etc. 
He  would,  etc. 
We  would,  etc. 
You  would,  etc. 
They  would,  etc. 

Tliird  Form. 
Anduviese  (4)       I  would,  could,  should  or 

might  walk 
Thou  wouldst,  etc. 
He  would,  etc. 
We  would,  etc. 
You  would,  etc. 
They  would,  etc. 

Future. 

I  would,  could,  should  or 

might  walk 
Thou  wouldst,  etc 


Anduvieses 

Anduviese 

Anduviesemos 

Anduvieseis 

Anduviesen 

Anduviere 


Anduvieres 

Anduviere 

Anduvierem.os 

Anduviereis 

Anduvieren 


He  would^  etc. 
We  would,  etc. 
You  would,  etc. 
They  would,  etc. 


*See   lesson    60    of   Uribe's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


32  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*ESTAR  (auxiliary),  to  be 
ESTANDO,  being 
ESTADO,  been 

INDICATIVE    MODE.     Present. 

Estoy,  I  am,  etc. 

Estas 

Esta 

Estamos 

Estais 

Estan 

Past  Imperfect. 

Estaba,  I  used  to  be,  etc. 

Estabas 

Estaba 

Estabamos 

Estabais 

Estaban 

Past  Perfect. 

Estuve,  I  was,  etc. 

Estuviste 

Estuvo 

Estuvimos 

Estuvisteis 

Estuvieron 

Future. 

Estare,  I  will,  shall  be,  etc. 

Estaras 

Estara 

Estaremos 

Estareis 

Estaran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Esta  tu,  be  (thou)  fam. 

Este  Ud.,  be  (you)  sing. 

Estemos  N.,  let  us  be 

Estad  v.,  be  (you)  sing,  and  plu. 

Esten  Uds.,  be  (you)  plural 


IBBEGULAB  VERBS 33 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  este,  that  I  am,  etc. 
tii  estes 
el   este 
N.  estemos 
V.  esteis 
E.  esten 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Estuviera,  I  ^vould,  etc.,  be 

Estuvieras 

Estuviera 

Estuvieramos 

Estuvierais 

Estuvieran 

Second  Form. 

Estaria,  I  would,  etc.,  be 

Estarias 

Estaria 

Estariamos 

Estariais 

Estarian 

Tliird  Form. 

Estuviese,  I  would,  etc.,  be 

Estuvieses 

Estuviese 

Estuviesemos 

Estuvieseis 

Estuviesen 

Future. 

Estuviere,  I  would,  etc.,  be 

Estuvieres 

Estuviere 

Estuvieremos 

Estuviereis 

Estuvieren 

See    lesson    61    of    Uribe's    Master-Kej 
to  the  Castillian  language,  First  Part. 


34  IBREGULAR  VERBS 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*TENER,  to  have,  hold,  possess 
TENIENDO,  having,  etc. 
TENIDO,  had,  etc. 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Tengo,  I  have,  etc. 

Tienes 

Tiene 

Tenemos 

Teneis 

Tienen 

Past  Imperfect. 

Tenia,  I  used  to  have,  etc. 
•    Tenias 
Tenia 
Teniamos 
Teniais 
Tenian 

Past  Perfect. 

Tiive,  I  had,  etc. 

Tuviste 

Tuvo 

Tuvimos 

Tuvisteis 

Tuvieron 

Future. 

Tendre,  I  will  or  shall  have 

Tendras 

Tendra 

Tendremos 

Tendreis 

Tendran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Ten  tu,  have  (thou),  fam. 
Tenga  Ud.,  have  (you),  sing. 
Tengamos  N.,  let  us  have 
Tened  V.,  have  (you),  sing,  and  plu. 
Tengan  Uds.,  have  (you),  plu. 


IRREGULAR  VERBS  35 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  tenga,  That  I  may  have,  etc. 
tu  tengas 
el    tenga 
N.  tengamos 
V.  tengais 
E.  tengan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Tuviera,  I  would,  etc.,  have 

Tuvieras 

Tuviera 

Tuvieramos 

Tuvierais 

Tuvieran 

Second  Form. 

Tendria,  I  would,  etc.,  have 

Tendrias 

Tendria 

Tendriamos 

Tendriais 

Tendrian 

Third  Form, 

Tuviese,  I  would,. etc.,  have 

Tuvieses 

Tuviese 

Tuviesemos 

Tuvieseis 

Tuviesen 

Future. 

Tuviere,  I  would,  etc.,  have 

Tuvieres 

Tuviere 

Tuvieremos 

Tuviereis 

Tuvieren 

*See    lesson    62    of    Uribe  's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


36  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*HABER  (auxiliary),  to  have 
HABIENDO,  having 
t(HABIDO),  had 

INDICATIVE  MODE.    Present. 

He,  I  have,  etc. 

Has 

Ha 

Hemos  or  habemos 

Habeis 

Han 

Past  Imperfect. 

Habia,  I  had,  etc. 

Habias 

Habia 

Habiamos 

Habiais 

Habian 

Past  Perfect. 

Hube^  I  had,  etc. 

Hubiste 

Hiibo 

Hubimos 

Hubisteis 

Hubieron 

Future. 

Habre,  I  shall  or  will  have,  etc. 

Habras 

Habra 

Habremos 

Habreis 

Habran 

*The  auxiliary  verb  ''to  havs''  has  no 
imperative  mode. 


IRREGULAR  VERBS  37 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  haya,  that  I  may  have,  etc. 
*  *     tu  hayas 
''    el    haya 
'^    N.  hayamos 
' '    V.  hayais 
"    E.  havan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Hubiera,  I  would,  etc.,  have 

Hubieras 

Hubiera 

Hubieramos 

Hubierais 

Hubieran 

Second  Form. 

Habria,  I  would,  etc.,  have 

Habrias 

Habria 

Habriamos 

Habriais 

Habrian 

Tliird  Form. 

Hubiese,  I  would,  etc.,  have 

Hubieses 

Hubiese 

Hubiesemos 

Hubieseis 

Hubiesen 

Future. 

Hubiere,  I  would,  etc.,  have 

Hubieres 

Hubiere 

Hubieremos 

Hubiereis 

Hubieren 

tThe  past  participle  of  this  verb  is  not 
used  as  an  auxiliary.  See  Uribe's  Master- 
Key  to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 

The  auxiliary  verb  used  as  an  active 
verb  is  now  obsolete. 


38  lEBEGULAB  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*DAR,  to  give 
DANDO,  giving 
DADO,  given 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Doy,  I  give,  etc. 

Das 

Da 

Damos 

Dais 

Dan 

Past  Imperfect. 

Daba,  I  used  to  give,  etc. 

Dabas 

Daba 

Dabamos 

Dabais 

Daban 

Past  Perfect. 
Di,  I  gave^  I  did,  etc. 
Diste 
Dio 
Dimos 
Disteis 
Dieron 

Future. 

Dare,  I  shall  or  will  give,  etc. 

Daras 

Dara 

Daremos 

Dareis 

Daran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Da  tUj  give  (thou),  fam. 

De  Ud.,  give   (you),  sing. 

Demos  N.,  let  us  give 

Dad  v.,  give  (you),  sing,  and  plu. 

Den  Uds.,  give  (you),  plural 


IRREGULAR  VERBS  39 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  de,  that  I  may  give,  etc 
"    tu  des 
''    el    de 
''    N.  demos 
''    V.  dels 
''    E.  den 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Diera,  I  would,  etc.,  give 

Dieras 

Diera 

Dieramos 

Dierais 

Dieran 

Second  Form. 

Daria,  I  would,  etc.,  give 

Darias 

Darla 

Dariamos 

Dariais 

Darian 

Third  Form. 

Diese,  I  would,  etc.,  give 

Dieses 

Diese 

Diesemos 

Diesels 


Diesen 


Future. 


Diere,  I  would,  etc.,  give 

Dieres 

Diere 

Dieremos 

Diereis 

Dieren 

*See    lesson    63    of    Uribe  's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


40 ITtBEGULAB  VERBS 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*CAER,  to  fall 
CAYENDO,  falling 
CAiDO,  fallen 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Caigo,  I  fall,  etc. 

Caes 

Cae 

Caemos 

Caeis 

Caen 

Past  Imperfect. 

Caia,  I  used  to  fall,  etc. 

Caias 

Caia 

Caiamos 

Calais 

Caian 

Past  Perfect. 

Cai,  I  fell,  etc. 
Caiste 
.  Cayo 

Caimos 

Caisteis 

Cayeron 

Future. 

Caere,  I  will,  shall  fall,  etc. 

Caeras 

Caera 

Caeremos 

Caereis 

Caeran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Cae  tu.  fall  (thou),  fam. 

Caiga  UcL,  fall  (you),  sing. 

Caigamos  oST.,  let  us  fall 

Caed  v.,  fall  (you),  sing,  and  plu. 

Caigan  Uds.,  fall  (you)  plural 


IRREGULAE  VERBS  41 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  caiga,  that  I  may  fall,  etc. 
tu  caigas 
el    caiga 
N.  caigamos 
V.  caigais 
E.  caigan 

Imperfect.    First  Form. 

Cayera,  I  would,  etc.,  fall 
-  Cayeras 
Carera 
Cayeramos 
Cayerais 
Cayeran 

Second  Form. 

Caeria,  I  would,  etc.,  fall 

Caerias 

Caeria 

Caeriamos 

Caeriais 

Caerian 

Third  Form. 

Cayese,  I  would,  etc.,  fall 

Cayeses 

Cayese 

Cayesemos 

Cayeseis 


Cayesen 


Future. 


Cayere,  I  would,  etc.,  fall 

Cayeres 

Cayere 

Cayeremos 

Cayereis 

Cayeren 

*See   lesson    64    of   Uribe's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


42  IHREGULAB  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*HACER,  to  do,  to  make 
HACIENDO,  doing,  making 
HECHO,  done,  made 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Hago,  I  do,  I  make,  etc. 

Haces 

Hace 

Hacemos 

Haceis 

Hacen 

Past  Imperfect. 
Hacia,  I  used  to  do,  to  make,  etc. 
Hacias 
Hacia 
Haciamos 
Haciais 
Hacian 

Past  Perfect. 

Hice,  I  did,  I  made,  etc. 

Hiciste 

Hizo 

Hicimos 

Hicisteis 

Hicieron 

Future. 

Hare,  I  will  or  shall  do,  make 

Haras 

Hara 

Haremos 

Hareis 

Haran  ^ 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Haz  tu,  do,  make  (thou),  fam. 
Haga  Ud.,  do,  make  (you),  sing. 
Hagamos  N.,  let  us  do,  make 
Haced  V.,  do,  make  (3^ou),  sing.-plu. 
Hagan  Uds.,  do,  make  (you),  plural 


IRREGULAR  VERBS 43 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  haga,  that  I  may  do,  make,  etc. 
tu  hagas 
el    haga 
iST.  hagamos 
V.  hagais 
E.  hagan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Hiciera.  I  would,  etc.,  do,  make 

Hicieras 

Hiciera 

Hicieramos 

Hicierais 

Hicieran 

Second  Form. 

Haria,  I  would,  etc.,  do,  make 

Harias 

Haria 

Hariamos 

Hariais 

ll^rian 

Third  Form. 

Hieiese,  I  would,  etc.,  do^  make 

Hicieses 

Hieiese 

Hiciesemos 

Hicieseis 

Hiciesen 

Future. 

Hiciere,  I  would,  etc.,  do,  make 

Hicieres 

Hiciere 

Hicieremos 

Hiciereis 

Hicieren 

*The  second  person  singular  of  the  Im- 
perative of  Satisfacer,  is  Satisface  tu. 


44  IKREGULAE  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*IB,  to   go 
YEXDO,   going 
IDO.  gone 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Vov,  I  am  going.  I  go,  etc. 

Yas 

Ya 

Yamos 

Yais 

Yan 

Past  Imperfect, 

rba.  I  was  going,  I  used  to  go,  etc. 

Ibas 

Iba 

ibamos 

Ibais 

Iban 

Past  Perfect. 

Fui,  I  went,  I  did  go,  etc. 

Fuiste 

Fue 

Fuimos 

Fuisteis 

Fueron 

Future. 

Ire,  I  will,  shall  go,  etc. 

Iras 

Ira 

Iremos 

Ireis 

Iran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Ye  tu,  go  (thou),  fam. 
Yaya  Ud.,  go  (you),  sing. 
Yamos  X.,  let  us  go 
Id  Y.,  go   (you),  sing,  and  plu. 
Yayan  Uds.,  go  (you),  plural 


IRREGXJIiAR  VERBS  45 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODS.     Present. 

Que  yo  vaya,  that  I  may  go,  etc. 
tu  vayas 
el    vaya 
X.  vayamos 
Y.  vayais 
E.  vayan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Fuera,  I  would,  etc.,  go 

Fueras 

Fuera 

Fueramos 

Fuerais 

Fueran 

Second  Form. 

Iria,  I  would,  etc.,  go 

Irias 

Iria 

Iriamos 

Iriais 

Iriau 

Third  Form. 

Fuese.  I  would,  etc.,  go 

Fueses 

Fuese 

Fuesemos 

Fueseis 

Fuesen 

Future. 

Fuere.  I  would,  etc.,  go 

Fueres 

Fuere 

Fueremos 

Fuereis 

Fueren 

*See   lesson    65    of    Tribe's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


46  IRREGULAB  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*DECIR,  to  sav,  to  tell 
DICIENDO,  saving,  telling 
DICHO,  said,  told 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Digo,  I  say,  I  tell,  etc. 

Dices 

Dice 

Decimos 

Decis 

Dicen 

Past  Imperfect. 

Decia,  I  used  to  say,  tell,  etc. 

Decias 

Decia 

Deciamos 

Deciais 

Decian 

Past  Perfect. 

Dije,  I  said,  I  told,  etc. 

Dijiste 

Dijo 

Dijimos 

Dijisteis 

Dijeron 

Future. 

Dire,  I  will,  shall  say,  tell,  etc. 

Diras 

Dira 

Diremos 

Direis 

Diran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Di  tu,  say,  tell  (thou),  fam. 
Diga  Ud.,  say,  tell  (you),  sing. 
Digamos  N.,  let  us  say,  tell 
Decid  v.,  say,  tell  (you);  sing.  &  plu. 
Digan  Uds.,  say,  tell  (you),  plural 


IRRE GULAR  VERBS  47 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  diga,  that  I  may  say,  tell,  etc. 
**    tu  digas 
' '    el    diga 
"     N.  digamos 
"    V.  digais 
''     E.  digan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Dijera,  I  would,  etc.,  say,  tell 

Dijeras 

Dijera 

Dijeramos 

Dijerais 

Dijeran 

Second  Form. 

Diria,  I  would,  etc.,  say,  .tell 

Dirias 

Diria 

Diriamos 

Diriais 

Dirian 

Third  Form. 

Dijese,  I  would,  etc.,  say,  tell 

Dijeses 

Dijese 

Dijesemos 

Dijeseis 

Dijesen 

Future. 

Dijere.  I  would,  etc.,  say,  tell 

Dijeres 

Dijere 

Dijeremos 

Dijereis 

Dijeren 

*Tlie  past  participles  of  Bendecir  (to  bless) 
and  Maldecir  (to  curse)  are  "bendecido  and 
maldecido.    See  page  137  and  139. 


48  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*PODER,  to  be  able 
PUDIENDO,  being  able 
PODIDO,  been  able 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Puedo,  I  can,  I  am  able 

Puedes 

Puede 

Podemos 

Podeis 

Pueden 

Past  Imperfect. 

Podia,  I  could,  was  able,  etc. 

Podias 

Podia 

Podiamos 

Podiais 

Podian 

Past  Perfect. 

Pude,  I  could,  was  able,  etc. 

Pudiste 

Pudo 

Pudimos 

Pudisteis 

Pudieron 

Future. 

Podre,  I  will  or  shall  be  able,  etc. 

Podras 

Podra 

Podremos 

Podreis 

Podran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Puede  tu,  be- able  (thou),  fam. 
Pueda  Ud.,  be  able  (you),  sing. 
Ppdamos  IST.,  let  us  be  able 
Poded  v.,  be  able  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Puedan  Uds.,  be  able  (you)  plural 


IRREGUIiAB  VERBS  49 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  pueda,  that  I  can,  am  able,  etc. 
'*     tu  puedas 
"     el    pueda 
"    N,  podamos 
"     V.  podais 
''    E.  puedan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Pudiera,  I  would,  could  be  able,  etc. 

Pudieras 

Pudiera 

Pudieraraos 

Pudierais 

Pudieran 

Second  Form. 

Podria,  I  would,  could  be  able,  etc. 

Podrlas 

Podria 

Podriamos 

Podriais 

Podrian 

Third  Form. 

Pudiese,  I  would,  could  be  able,  etc. 

Pudieses 

Pudiese 

Pudiesemos 

Pudieseis 

Pudiesen 

Future. 

Pudiere,  I  would,  could  be  able,  etc. 

Pudieres 

Pudiere 

Pudiereraos  ' 

Pudiereis 

Pudieren 

*See    lesson    66    of   Uribe's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


50  IRREGULAB  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*QUEEER,  to  want,  to  wish,  to  love 
QUEEIENDO,  wanting,  etc. 
QUEEIDO,  wanted,  etc. 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Quiero^  I  want,  etc. 

Quieres 

Qiiiere 

Queremos 

Qiiereis 

Quieren 

Past  Imperfect. 

Queria,  I  wanted,  etc. 

Querias 

Queria 

Queriamos 

Queriais 

Querian 

Past  Perfect. 

Quise,  I  wanted,  I  did  want,  etc. 

Quisiste 

Quiso 

Ouisimos 

Quisisteis 

Quisieron 

Future. 
Querre,  I  will,  shall  want,  etc. 
Querras 
Querra 
Querremos 
Querreis 
Querran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Qiiiere  tu,  loveth  (thou),  fam. 
Quiera  Ud.,  love  (you),  sing. 
Queramos  N.,  let  us  love 
Quered  V.,  love  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Quieran  Uds.,  love  (you),  plural 


IRREGULAE  VERBS  51 


SUKTUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  quiera,  that  I  may  want,  etc. 
' '     tu  quieras 
el    quiera 
N.  queramos 
V.  querais 
E.  quieran 

Imperfect.    First  Form. 

Quisiera,  I  would,  etc.,  want 

Quisieras 

Quisiera 

Quisieramos 

Quisierais 

Quisieran 

Second  Form. 

Querria,  I  would,  etc.,  want 

Querrias 

Querria 

Quei'riamos 

Querriais 

Querrian 

Third  Form. 

Quisiese,  I  would,  etc.,  want 

Quisieses 

Quisiese 

Quisiesemos 

Quisieseis 

Quisiesen 

Future. 

Quisiere,  I  would,  etc.,  want 

Quisieres 

Quisiere 

Quisieremos 

Quisiereis 

Quisieren 

*See   lesson    67    of   Uribe's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


52  IKREGULAR  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*SABER.,  to  know,  to  have  information 
SABIENDO,   knowing 
SABIDO,  known 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

S6,  I  know,  etc. 

Sabes 

Sabe 

Sabemos 

Sabeis 

Saben 

Past  Imperfect. 
Sabia,  I  used  to  know,  etc. 
Sabias 
Sabia 
Sabiamos 
Sabiais 
Sabian 

Past  Perfect. 

Supe,  I  knew,  etc. 

Supiste 

Supo 

Supimos 

Supisteis 

Supieron 

Future. 
Sabre,  I  will,  shall  know,  etc. 
Sabras 
Sabra 
Sabremos 
Sabreis 
Sabran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Sabe  tu,  know  (thou),  fam. 
Sepa  Ud.,  know   (you),  sing. 
Sepamos  N.,  let  us  know 
Sabed  V.,  know  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Sepan  Uds.,  know  (you),  plural 


IBREGULAB  VERBS 53 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  sepa,  that  I  may  know,  etc. 
tu  sepas 
el    sepa 
N.  sepamos 
V.  sepais 
E.  sepan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Supiera,  I  would,  etc.,  know 

Supieras 

Supiera 

Supieramos 

Supierais 

Supieran 

Second  Form. 

Sabria,  I  would,  etc.^  know 

Sabrlas 

Sabria 

Sabriamos 

Sabriais 

Sabrian 

Third  Form. 

Supiese,  I  would,  etc.,  know 

Supieses 

Supiese 

Supiesemos 

Supieseis 

Supiesen 

Future. 

Supiere,  I  would,  etc.,  know 

Supieres 

Supiere 

Supieremos 

Supiereis 

Supieren 

*See   lesson    6S    of   Uribe's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


54  IRREGUIaAR  verbs 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*SER  (auxiliary),  to  be 
SIEXDO,  being- 
SIDO,  been 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Soy,  I  am,  etc. 

Eres 

Es 

Somos 

Sois 

Son 

Past  Imperfect. 

Era,  I  was,  used  to  be,  etc. 

Eras 

Era 

Eramos 

Erais 

Eran 

Past  Perfect. 

Fui,  I  was,  etc. 

Fuiste 

Fue 

Fuimos 

Fui  st  els 

Fueron 

Future. 

Sere,  I  will,  shall  be,  etc. 

Seras 

Sera 

Seremos 

Sereis 

Seran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Se  tu,  be  (thou),  fam. 

Sea  Ud.,  be  (you),  sing. 

Seamos  N.,  let  us  be 

Sed  v.,  be  (you),  sing,  and  plu. 

Sean  Uds.,  be  (you),  plural 


IRREGULAR  VERBS  55 


SUBJTrNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  vo  sea,  that  I  mav  be,  etc. 
*     tu  seas 
'    el    sea 

N.  seamos 
'    V.  seals 

E.  sean 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Fuera.  I  would,  etc.,  be 

Fueras 

Fuera 

Fueramos 

Fuerais 

Fueran 

Second  Form. 

Seria,  I  would,  etc.,  be 

Serias 

Seria 

Seriamos 

Serials 

Serian 

Third  Form. 

Fuese,  I  would,  etc.,  be 

Fueses 

Fuese 

Fuesemos 

Fuesels 

Fuesen 

Future. 

Fuere.  I  would,  etc.,  be 

Fueres 

Fuere 

Fueremos 

Fuerels 

Fueren 

*See   lesson    69    of   Uribe  's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castllllan  Language,  First  Part. 


56  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*OIR,  to  hear 
OYEXDO,  hearing 
OiDO,  heard 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Oigo,  I  hear^  etc. 

Oves 

Oye 

Oimos 

Ois 

Oyen 

Past  Imperfect. 

Oia,  I  used  to  hear,  etc. 

Oias 

Oia 

Oiamos 

Oiais 

Oian 

Past  Perfect. 

Oi,  I  heard,  etc. 

Oiste 

Oyo 

Oimos 

Oisteis 

Oyeron 

Future. 

Oire,  I  will  or  shall  hear,  etc. 

Oiras 

Oira 

Oiremos 

Oireis 

Oiran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Oye  tu,  hear  (thou),  fam. 
Oiga  Ud.,  hear  (you),  sing. 
.  Oigamos  N.,  let  us  hear 
Old  v.,  hear  (you),  sing,  and  plu. 
Oigan  Uds.,  hear  (you),  plural 


IBREGUIiAR  VERBS  57 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  oiga,  that  I  maj  hear,  etc. 

' '     tii  oigas 
^'     el    oiga 
"     N.  oigamos 
"    V.  oigais 
"     E.  oigan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Oyera,  I  would,  etc.,  hear 

Ojeras 

Oyera 

Oyeramos 

Oyerais 

Oyeran 

Second  Form. 

Oiria,  I  would,  etc.,  hear 

Oirias 

Oiria 

Oiriamos 

Oiriais 

Oirian 

Third  Form. 

Oyese,  I  would,  etc.,  hear 

Oyeses 

Oyese 

Oyesemos 

Oyeseis 

Oyesen 

Future. 

Oyere,  I  would,  etc.,  hear 

Oyeres 

Oyere 

Oyeremos 

Oyereis 

Oyeren 

*See   lesson    69    of   Uribe's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


58  IRilEGULAR  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

POXER,  to  put,  lay,  place,  set 
POXIEXDO,  putting,  etc. 
PUESTO,  put,  etc. 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Pongo,  I  put,  etc. 

Pones 

Pone 

Ponemos 

Poneis 

Ponen 

Past  Imperfect. 

Ponia,  I  used  to  put,  etc. 

Ponias 

Ponia 

Poniamos 

Poniais 

Ponlan 

Past  Perfect. 

Puse,  I  put,  did  put,  etc. 

Pusiste 

Puso 

Pusimos 

Pusisteis 

Pusieron 

Future. 
Pondre,  I  will,  shall  put,  etc. 
Pondras 
Pondra 
Pondremos 
Pondreis 
Pondran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Pon  tu,  put  (thou),  fam 

Ponga  Ud.,  put   (you),  sing. 

Pongamos  X.,  let  us  put 

Poned  v.,  put  (you),  sing,  and  plu. 

Pongan  Uds.,  put  (you),  plural 


IRREGULAR  VERBS  59 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  ponga,  that  I  may  put,  etc. 
tu  pongas 
el    ponga 
N.  pongamos 
V.  pongais 
E.  pongan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Pusiera,  I  would,  etc.,  put 

Pusieras 

Pusiera 

Pusieramos 

Pusierais 

Pusieran 

Second  Form. 

Pondria,  I  would,  etc.,  put 

Pondrias 

Pondria 

Pondrlamos 

Pondriais 

Pondrlan 

Third  Form. 

Pusiese,  I  would,  etc.,  put 

Pusieses 

Pusiese 

Pusiesemos 

Pusieseis 

Pusiesen 

Future. 

PusierCj  I  would,  etc.,  put 

Pusieres 

Pusiere 

Pusieremos 

Pusiereis 

Pusieren 

*See   lesson    69    of   Uribe's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


60  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*TRAER,  to  bring 
TRAYEXDO,  bringing 
TRAlDO,  brought 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Traigo,  I  bring,   etc. 

Traes 

Trae 

Traemos 

Traeis 

Traen 

Past  Imperfect. 
Trala,  I  used  to  bring,  etc. 
Traias 
Traia 
Traiamos 
Traiais 
Traian 

Past  Perfect. 

Traje,  I  brought,  etc. 

Trajiste 

Trajo 

Trajimos 

Trajisteis 

Trajeron 

Future. 

Traere,  I  will  or  shall  bring,  etc. 

Traeras 

Traera 

Traeremos 

Traereis 

Traeran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE.    . 

Trae  tu,  bring  (thou),  tarn. 
Traiga  Ud.,  bring  (vou),  sing. 
Traigamos  N.,  let  us  bring 
Traed  V,,  bring  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Traigan  Uds.,  bring  (you),  plural 


IRREGULAR  VERBS  61 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  TO  traiga,  that  I  may  bring,  etc. 
tu  traigas 
el    traiga 
X.  traigamos 
V.  traigais 
E.  traigan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Trajera.  I  would,  etc.,  bring 

Trajeras 

Trajera 

Trajeramos 

Trajerais 

Trajeran 

Second  Form. 

Traeria,  I  would,  etc.,  bring 

Traerias 

Traeria 

Traeriamos 

Traeriais 

Traerian 

Third  Form. 

Trajese,  I  would,  etc.,  bring 

Trajeses 

Trajese 

Trajesemos 

Trajeseis 

Trajesen 

Future. 

Trajere,  I  would,  etc.,  bring 

Trajeres 

Trajere 

Trajeremos 

Trajereis 

Trajeren 

*See    lesson    70    of    Uribe's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


62  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*VENIE,  to  come 
VIXIEXDO,  coming 
VENIDO,  come 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Vengo,  I  come,  I  am  coming,  etc. 

Vienes 

Viene  • 

Venimos 

Venis 

Vienen 

Past  Imperfect. 

Venia,  I  used  to  come,  etc. 

Venias 

Venia 

Veniamos 

Veniais 

Venian 

Past  Perfect. 

Vine,  I  came,  etc. 

Viniste 

Vino 

Vinimos 

Vinisteis 

Vinieron 

Future. 

Vendre,  I  will,  shall  come,  etc. 

Vendras 

Vendra 

Vendremos 

Vendreis 

Vendran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Ven  tu,  come  (thou),  fam. 
Venga  Ud.,  come   (you),  sing. 
Vengamos  N.,  let  us  come 
Venid  V.,  come  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Vengan  Uds.,  come  (you),  plural 


IRREGULAR  VERBS  63 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  venga,  that  I  may  come,  etc. 
*  *     tu  vengas 
'  *     el    venga 
* '     N.  vengamos 
"    V.  vengais 
"     E.  vengan 

Imperfect.    First  Form. 

Viniera,  I  would,  etc.,  come 

Vinieras 

Viniera 

Vinieramos 

Vinierais 

Vinieran 

Second  Form. 

Vendria,  I  would,  etc.,  come 

Vendrias 

Vendria 

Vendriamos 

Vendriais 

Vendrian 

Third  Form. 

Viniese,  I  would,  etc.,  come 

Vinieses 

Viniese 

Viniesemos 

Vinieseis 

Viniesen 

Future. 

Viniere,  I  would,  etc.,  come 

Vinieres 

Viniere 

Vinieremos 

Viniereis 

Vinieren 

"See    lesson    70    of   Uribe  's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part, 


64  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*VER,  to  see,  to  look 
VIEXDO,  seeing,  etc  . 
VISTO,  seen,  etc. 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Veo,  I  see,  etc. 

Ves 

Ve 

Vemos 

Veis 

Yen 

Past  Imperfect. 

Vela,  I  used  to  see,  etc. 

Yeias 

Vela 

Veiamos 

Veiais 

Veian 

Past  Perfect. 
Vi,  I  saw,  etc. 
Viste 
Vio 
Yimos 
Visteis 
Vieron 

Future. 
Vere,  I  will,  shall  see,  etc. 
Veras 
Vera 
Veremos 
Vereis 
Veran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Ve  tu,  see  (thou),  fam. 
Vea  Ud.,  see  (you),  sing. 
'  Veamos  N.^  let  us  see 
Ved  v.,  see  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Vean  Uds.,  see  (you),  plural 


IRBEGULAE  VERBS  65 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  vea,  that  I  may  see,  etc. 
tu  veas 
el    vea 
N.  veamos 
V.  veais 
E.  vean 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Viera,  I  would,  etc.,  see 

Vieras 

Viera 

Vieramos 

Vierais 

Vieran 

Second  Form.  * 

Veria,  I  would,  etc.,  see 

Verias 

Veria 

Veriamos 

Veriais 

Verian 

Third  Form. 

Viese,  I  would,  etc.,  see 

Vieses 

Viese 

Viesemos 

Vieseis 

Viesen 

Future. 

Viere,  I  would,  etc.,  see 

Vieres 

Viere 

Vieremos 

Viereis 

Vieren 

*See    lesson    70    of   Uribe's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


66  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*CABEE^  to  hold,  contain 
CABIENDO,  holding,  containing 
CABIDO,  held,  contained 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Quepo,  I  hold,  contain,  etc. 

Cabes 

Cabe 

Cabemos 

Cabeis 

Caben 

Past  Imperfect. 
Cabia,  I  used  to  hold,  contain,  etc. 
Cabias 
Cabia 
Cabiamos 
Cabiais 
Cabian 

Past  Perfect. 
Cupe,  I  contained,  held,  etc. 
Cupiste 
Cupo 
Cupimos 
Cupisteis 
Cupieron 

Future. 
Cabre,  I  will,  shall  contain,  etc. 
Cabras 
Cabra 
Cabremos 
Cabreis 
Cabran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Cabe  tu,  contain  (thou),  fam. 
Quepa  Ud.,  contain  (you),  sing. 
Quepamos  N.,  let  us  contain 
Cabed  V.,  contain  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Quepan  Uds.,  contain  (you),  plural 


lEREGULAE,  VERBS  67 


'SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  qiiepa,  that  I  may  hold,  etc. 
'    tu  quepas 
el    quepa 
N.  quepamos 
V.  quepais 
E.  quepan 


Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Cupiera,  I  would,  etc.,  contain,  hold 

Cupieras 

Cupiera 

Cupieramos 

Cupierais 

Cupieran 

Second  Form. 

Cabria,  I  would,  etc.,  contain,  hold 

Cabrias 

Cabria 

Cabriamos 

Cabriais 

Cabrian 

Third  Form. 

Cupiese,  I  would,  etc.,  contain 

Cupieses 

Cupiese 

Cupiesemos 

Cupieseis 

Cupiesen 

Future. 

Cupiere,  I  would,  etc.,  contain 

Cupieres 

Cupiere 

Cupieremos 

Cupiereis 

Cupieren 

*See    lesson    70    of   Uribe's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


68  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*ASIR,  to  seize,  to  hold 
ASIENDO,  seizing 
ASIDO,  seized 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Asgo,  I  seizej  etc. 

Ases 

Ase 

Asimos 

Asis 

Asen 

Past  Imperfect. 

Asia,  I  used  to  seize,  etc. 

Asias 

Asia 

Asiamos 

Asiais 

Asian 

Past  Perfect. 

Asi,  I  seized,  I  caught 

Asiste 

Asio 

Asimos 

Asisteis 

Asieron 

Future. 

Asire,  I  will,  shall  seize,  etc. 

Asiras 

Asira 

Asiremos 

Asireis 

Asiran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Ase  tu,  seize  (thou),  fam. 
Asga  Ud.,  seize  (you),  sing. 
Asgamos  N.,  let  us  seize 
Asid  v.,  seize  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Asgan  Uds.,  seize  (you);  plural 


IRREGULAR  VERBS  69 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  asga,  that  I  may  seize,  etc. 
tu  asgas 
el    asga 
N.  asgamos 
V.  asgais 
E.  asgan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Asiera,  I  would,  etc.,  seize 

Asieras 

Asiera 

Asieramos 

Asierais 

Asieran 

Second  Form. 

Asiria,  I  would,  etc.,  seize 

Asirias 

Asiria 

Asiriamos 

Asiriais 

Asirian 

Third  Form. 

Asiese,  I  would,  etc.,  seize 

Asieses 

Asiese 

Asiesemos 

Asieseis 


Asiesen 


Future. 


Asiere,  I  would,  etc.,  seize 

Asieres 

Asiere 

Asieremos 

Asiereis 

Asieren 

*See   lesson    71    of   Uribe's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


70  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*ERGUIR,  to  stand  erect 
IRGUIEXDO,  standing  erect 
ERGUlDOj  stood  erect 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Irgo  6  yergo,  I  stand  erect,  etc. 

Irgues  6  yergues 

Irgue  6  yergue 

Erguimos 

Erguis 

Irguen  6  yerguen 

Past  Imperfect. 

Erguia,  I  used  to  stand  erect,  etc. 

Erguias 

Erguia 

Erguiamos 

Erguiais 

Erguian 

Past  Perfect. 

Ergui,  I  stood  erect,  etc. 

Erguiste 

Irguio 

Erguimos 

Erguisteis 

Irguieron 

Future. 

Erguire,  I  will,  shall  stand  erect 

Erguiras 

Erguira 

Erguiremos 

Ergui  reis 

Erguiran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Irgue  6  yergue  tu,  stand  erect  (thou),  fam. 
Irga  6  yerga  Ud.,  stand  erect  (you),  sing. 
Irgamos  6  yergamos  N.,  let  us  stand  erect 
Erguid  v.,  stand  erect  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Irgan  6  yergan  Uds.,  stand  erect  (you),  plu. 


IREEGULAR  VERBS  71 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  irga  6  yerga,  that  I  may  stand  erect 
"     tu  irgas  6  yergas 
"     el    irga  6  yerga 
* '     N  irgamos  6  yergamos 
"    V.  irgais  6  yergais 
"     E.  irgan  6  yergan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Irgiiiera,  I  would,  etc.,  stand  erect 

Irguieras 

Irguiera 

Irguieramos 

Irguierais 

Irguieran 

Second  Form. 

Erguirla,  I  would,  etc.,  stand  erect 

Erguirlas 

Erguiria 

Erguiriamos 

Erguiriais 

Erguirian 

Third  Form. 

Irguiese,'!  would,  etc.,  stand  erect 

Irguieses 

Irguiese 

Irguiesemos 

Irguieseis 

Irguiesen 

Future. 

Irguiere,  I  would,  etc.,  stand  erect 

Irguieres 

Irguiere 

Irguieremos 

Irguiereis 

Irguieren 

*See   lesson    71    of   Uribe's   Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


72  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


LNTFINITIVE  MODE. 

*PLACER,  to  please 
PLACIENDO,  pleasing 
PLACIDO,  pleased 

INDICATIVE  MODE.    Present. 

Plazco,  I  please 

Places 

Place 

Placemos 

Placeis 

Placen 

Past  Imperfect. 

Placia,  I  used  to  please 

Placias 

Placia 

Placiamos 

Placiais 

Plaeian 

Past  Perfect. 

Placi,  I  pleased,  I  did 

Placiste 

Placio  or  plugo 

Placimos 

Placisteis 

Placieron  or  pluguieron 

Future. 

Placer^,  I  will,  shall  please 

Placeras 

Placera 

Placeremos 

Placereis 

Placeran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Place. tu,  please  (thou),  fam. 
Plazca  Ud.,  please  (you),  sing. 
-Plazcamos  N.,  let  us  please 
Placed  v.,  please  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Plazcan  Uds.,  please  (you),  plural 


IRREGULAR  VERBS  73 


SITBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  plazca,  that  I  may  please 
'*    tu  plazcas 
"    el    plazca  or  plegue 
"    Is.  plazcamos 
"    V.  plazcais 
"    E.  plazcan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Placiera,  I  would,  etc.,  please 

Placieras 

Placiera  or  pluguiera 

Placieramos 

Placierais 

Placieran 

Second  Form. 

Placeria,  I  would,  etc.,  please 

Placerias 

Placeria 

Placeriamos 

Placerlais 

Placerian 

Third  Form, 

Placiese,  I  would,  etc.,  please 

Plaeieses 

Placiese  or  pluguiese 

Placiesemos 

Placieseis 

Placiesen 

Future. 

Placiere,  I  would,  etc.,  please 

Placieres 

Placiere  or  pluguiere 

Placieremos 

Placiereis 

Placieren 

*See   lesson    71    of   Uribe  's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


74  IRBEGULAR  VERBS 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

PODRIR  6  PUDRIR,  to  rot,  to  putrify,  to 
PUDEIENDO,  rotting,  etc.  decay 

PODEIDO,  rotten,  etc. 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Pudro,  I  rot,  etc. 
Pudres 
Pudre 
,  Pudrimos 

Pudris 
Pudren 

Past  Imperfect. 

Pudria,  I  used  to  rot,  etc. 

Pudrias 

Pudria 

Pudriamos 

Pudriais 

Pudrlan 

Past  Perfect. 

Pudri,  I  rotted,  etc. 
Pudriste 
Pudrio 
*  Pudrimos 
Pudristeis 
Pudrieron 

Future. 

Pudrire,  I  will  or  shall  rot,  etc. 

Pudriras 

Pudrira 

Pudriremos 

Pudrireis 

Pudriran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Pudre  tu,  rot  (thou),  fam. 
Pudra  Ud.,  rot   (you),  sing. 
Pudramos  N.,  let  us  rot 
Pudrid  v.,  rot  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Pudran  Uds.,  rot  (you),  plural 


IRREGULAE  VERBS  75 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  JO  piidra,  that  I  may  rot,  etc. 
"    tii  pudras 
''     el    pudra 
*'     IST.  pudramos 
"     V.  pudrais 
"     E.  pudran 

Imperfect.    First  Form. 

Pudriera,  I  would,  etc.,  rot 

Pudrieras 

Pudriera 

Pudrieramos 

Pudrierais 

Pudrieran 

Second  Form. 

Pudrirla,  I  would,  etc.,  rot 

Pudririas 

Pudriria 

Pudririamos 

Pudririais 

Pudririan 

Tiird  Form. 

Pudriese,  I  would,  etc.,  rot 

Pudrieses 

Pudriese 

Pudriesemos 

Pudrieseis 

Pudriesen 

Future. 

Pudriere,  I  would^  etc.,  rot 

Pudrieres 

Pudriere 

Pudrieremos 

Pudriereis 

Pudrieren 


76  IRREGULAR  VERBS 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*YACEE,  to  lie  dead 
YACIEXDO,  Iving  dead 
YACIDO,  lain  "'dead 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Yazco,  yazgo  6  yago,  I  lie  dead 

Y^aces 

Y^ace 

Y^'acemos 

Yaceis 

Y'acen 

Past  Imperfect. 
Yacia,  I  used  to  lie  dead 
Yacias 
Y''acia 
Y''aciaraos 
Y''aciais 
Yaclan 

Past  Perfect 
Yaei,  I  lay 

Y'aciste 

Y'acio 

Y''acimo3 

Y^acisteis 

Yacieron 

Future. 

Y'acere,  I  will,  shall  lie  dead 

Y'aceras 

Y'aeera 

Yaceremos 

Y^acereis 

Y'aeeran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Yace  or  yaz  tu,  lie  dead  (thou),  fam. 
Yazea,  yazga  or  yaga  Ud.,  lie  dead  (you), 

singular 
Yazcamos,  yazgamos  or  yagamos  N.,  let  us 

lie  dead 
Yaeed  V.,  lie  dead   (you),  sing,  and  plural 
Yazcan,    yazgan    or   yagan   Uds.,   lie    dead 

(you),  plural 


IRKEGULAR  VERBS  77 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 


Q^ 


e  yo  yazca,  yazga  6  yaga,  that  I  may  lie 
tu  yazcas,  yazgas  or  yagas  dead 

el    yazca,  yazga  or  yaga 
N,  yazeamos,  yazgamos  or  yagamos 
V.  yazcais,  yazgais  or  yagais 
E.  yazcan,  yazgan  or  yagan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Yaciera,  I  would;  etc.,  lie  dead 

Yacieras 

Yaciera 

Yacieramos 

Yacierais 

Yacieran 

Second  Form. 

Yaceria,  I  would,  etc.,  lie  dead 

Yacerias 

Yaceria 

Yaceriamos 

Yacerlais 

Yacerian 

Tliird  Form. 

Yaciese,  I  would,  etc.,  lie  dead 

Yacieses 

Yaciese 

Yaciesemos 

Yacieseis 

Yaciesen 

Future. 

Yaciere,  I  would,  etc.,  lie  dead 

Yacieres 

Yaciere 

Yacieremos 

Yaciereis 

Yacieren 

*See   lesson    72    of   Uribe  's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


Personal  Notes. 


THIRD  PART. 


80  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


*FIRST  MODEL  CONJUGATION. 

Verbs  of  the  first  and  second  conjugation 
having  "e"  in  the  sj'llable  next  to  the  last, 
take  "i"  before  the  "e'^  in  the  present  of 
Indicative,  Imperative  and  present  of  Sub- 
junctive, except  in  the  first  and  second  per- 
sons of  plural.  There  are  some  exceptions 
to  this  rule.    See  pages  141  to  162. 

INFINITIVE  MODE.    . 

ACERTAR,  to  guess,  ascertain 
ACERTANDO,  ascertaining 
ACERTADO;  ascertained 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 
Acierto,  I  hit  the  mark,  guess,  etc. 
Aciertas 
Acierta 
Acertamos 
Acertais 
Aciertan 

Past  Imperfect. 

Acertaba,  I  used  to  guess,  etc. 

Acertabas 

Acertaba 

Acertabamos 

Acertabais 

Acertaban 

Past  Perfect. 

Acerte,  I  ascertained,  etc. 

Acertaste 

Acerto 

Acertamos 

Acertasteis 

Acertaron 

Future. 
Acertare,  I  will,  shall  ascertain,  etc. 
Acertaras 
Acertara 
Acertaremos 
Acertareis 
Acertaran 


IRREGULAR  VERBS  81 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Acierta  tu,  ascertain  (thou),  fam. 
Acierte  Ud.,  ascertain  (you),  sing. 
Acertemos  N.,  let  us  ascertain 
Acertad  V.,  ascertain  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Acierten  Uds.,  ascertain  (you),  plural 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 
Que  yo  acierte,  that  I  may  ascertain,  etc. 
* '     tii  aciertes 
"    el    acierte 
''    N.  acertemos 
"    V.  acerteis 
"     E.  acierten 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Acertara,  I  would,  etc.,  ascertain 

Acertaras 

Acertara 

Acertaramos 

Acertarais 

Acertaran 

Second  Form. 

Acertaria,  I  would,  etc.,  ascertain 

Acertarlas 

Acertaria 

Acertarlamos 

Acertariais 

Acertarian 

Third  Form. 

Acertase,  I  would,  etc.^  ascertain 

Acertases 

Acertase 

Acertasemos 

Acertaseis 

Acertasen 

Future. 

Acertare,  I  would,  etc.,  ascertain 

Acertares 

Acertare 

Acertaremos 

Acertareis 

Acertaren 

*See    lesson    72    of   Uribe's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


82 IRREGULAR  VERBS 

*SECOND  MODEL  CONJUGATION. 

Verbs  of  the  first  and  second  conjuga- 
tions having  "o"  in  the  syllable  next  to 
the  last,  change  "o"  to  **ue"  when  the 
accent  is  on  the  stem.  There  are  some 
exceptions.     See  pages  141  to  162. 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

CONTAR,  to  count,  to  relate 
CONTANDO,  counting,  etc. 
CONTADO,  counted,  etc. 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Cuento,  I  county  etc. 

Cuentas 

Cuenta 

Contamos 

Contais 

Cuentan 

Past  Imperfect. 
Contaba,  I  used  to  count,  etc. 
Contabas 
Contaba 
Contabamos 
Contabais 
Contaban 

Past  Perfect. 
Conte,  I  counted,  etc. 
Contaste 
Conto 
Contamos 
Contasteis 
Contaron 

Future. 
Contare,  I  will,  shall  count 
Contaras 
Contara 
Contaremos 
Contareis 
Contaran 
*The  past  participles  of  Absolver,   disol- 
ver,  resolver  and  volver  are:    absuelto,   di- 
suelto,  resuelto,  vuelto. 

The  verbs  desosar,  desovar  and  oler  take 
h  before  the  diphthong  ue. 


imtEGULAR  VERBS  83 


IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Cuenta  tu,  count  (thou),  fam. 
Cuente  Ud.,  count  (you),  sing. 
Contemos  N.,  let  us  count 
Contad  V.,  count  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Cuenten  Uds.,  count  (you),  plural 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 
Que  yo  cuente,  that  I  may  count,  etc. 
*  *    tu  cuentes 
"    el    cuente 
"    N.  contemos 
"    V.  conteis 
'*    E.  cuenten 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Contara^  I  would,  etc.,  count 

Contaras 

Contara 

Contaramos 

Contarais 

Contaran 

Second  Form. 
•     Contaria,  I  would,  etc.,  count 

Contarias 

Contaria 

Contariamos 

Contariais 

Contarian 

Third  Form. 

Contase,  I  would,  etc.,  count 

Contases 

Contase 

Contasemos 

Contaseis 

Contasen 

Future. 

Contare,  I  would,  etc.,  count 

Contares 

Contare 

Contaremos 

Contareis 

Contaren 

*See    lesson    72    of   Uribe's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


84  IRREGULAR  VERBS 

*THIRD  MODEL  CONJUGATION. 

Verbs  ending  in  acer,  ecer,  ocer  and  ucir, 
except  mecer  (to  rock)  and  remecer  (to 
rock  again)  which  are  regular;  hacer  (to 
make,  to  do)  which  has  especial  irregular- 
ities; cocer  (to  cook)  which  follows  the 
Second  Model  Conjugation,  and  the  verbs 
ending  in  ducir  which  follow  the  Third 
Model,  take  a  z  before  ca  and  co  in  the 
present  of  indicative,  imperative  and  pres- 
ent of  subjunctive  as  "nacer. "  Placer  (to 
please)  and  yacer  (to  lie  dead),  have  some 
other  irregularities  not  in  common  use. 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

NACEE,  to  be  born 
NACIENDO,  being  born 
NACIDO,  been  born 
INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Nazco,  I  am  born,  etc. 

Naces 

Nace 

Nacemos 

Naceis 

Nacen 

Past  Imperfect. 
Nacia,  I  was  born,  etc. 
Nacias 
Nacia 
Naciamos   ■ 
Naciais 
Nacian 

Past  Perfect. 
Naei,  I  was  born,  etc. 
Naciste 
Nacio 
Nacimos 
Nacisteis 

Nacieron        Future. 
Nacere,  I  will,  shall  be  born,  etc. 
Naceras 
Nacera 
Naeeremos 
Nacereis 
Naceran 


IRREGULAR  VERBS  85 


IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Nace  tu,  be  born  (thou),  fam. 
Nazca  Ud.^  be  born  (you),  sing. 
Kazcamos  N.,  let  us  he  born 
Naced  V.,  be  born  (you),  sing  &  plu. 
Nazcan  Uds.,  be  born  (you),  plural 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 
Que  yo  nazca,  that  I  may  be  born,  etc. 
''    tu  nazcas 
"     el    nazca 
"    N.  nazcamos 
"    V.  nazcais 
*'     E.  nazcan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Naciera,  I  would,  etc.,  be  born 

Nacieras 

Naciera 

Nacieramos 

Naeierais 

Nacieran 

Second  Form. 

Naceria,  I  would,  etc.,  be  born 

Nacerias 

Naceria 

Naceriamos 

Kaceriais 

Nacerian 

TMrd  Form. 

Naciese,  I  would,  etc.,  be  born 

Nacieses 

Naciese 

Naciesemos 

Nacieseis 

Naciesen 

Future. 

Naciere,  I  would,  etc.,  be  born 

Nacieres 

Naciere 

Naciercmos 

Naciereis 

Nacieren 

*See   lesson    73    of   XJribe's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


86      IRREGULAR  VERBS 


*FOURTH  MODEL  CONJUGATION. 

Verbs  ending  in  "ducir"  are  conjugated 
as  those  ending  in  acer,  ecer,  ocer  and 
ucir;  but  take,  besides  a  j  instead  of  c  in 
the  Past  Perfect,  and  consequently,  in  the 
First  and  Third  Forms  of  the  Imperfect 
of  Subjunctive,  same  as  in  the  Future  of 
this  Mode. 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

TRADUCIR,  to  translate 
TEADUCIENDO,  translating 
TRADUCIDO,  translated 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Traduzco,  I  translate,  etc. 

Traduces 

Traduce 

Traducimos 

Traducis 

Traducen 

Past  Imperfect. 

Traducia,  I  used  to  translate,  etc. 

Traducias 

Traducia 

Traduciamos 

Traduciais 

Traducian 

Past  Perfect. 

Traduje,  I  translated,  etc. 

Tradujiste 

Tradujo 

Tradujimos 

Tradujisteis 

Tradujeron 

Future. 
Traducire,  I  will  or  shall  translate 
Traduciras 
Traducira 
Traduciremos 
Traducireis 
Traduciran 


IBBEGULAB  VERBS    '  87 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Traduce  tii,  translate  (thou),  fam. 
Traduzca  Ud.,  translate  (you),  sing. 
Traduzcamos  N.,  let  us  translate 
Traducid  V.,  translate  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Traduzcan  Uds.,  translate  (you),  plural 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 
Que  yo  traduzca,  that  I  may  translate 
"    tu  traduzcas 
"     el    traduzca 
"     N.  traduzcamos 
"    V.  traduzcais 
'*    E.  traduzcan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Tradujera,  I  would,  etc.,  translate 

Tradujeras 

Tradujera 

Tradujeramos 

Tradujerais 

Tradujeran 

Second  Form. 

Traduciria,  I  would,  etc.,  translate 

Traducirias 

Traduciria 

Traduciriamos 

Traduciriais 

Traducirian 

Third  Form. 
\  Tradujese 

Tradujeses 

Tradujese 

Tradujesemos 

Tradujeseis 

Tradujesen 

Future. 

Tradujere,  I  would,  etc.,  translate 

Tradujeres 

Tradujere 

Tradujeremos 

Tradujereis 

Tradujeren 

*See   lesson    73    of   Uribe's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


88  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


*FIFTH  MODEL  CONJUGATION. 

Verbs  of  the  second  and  third  conjuga- 
tions ending  in  aiier,  anir,  inir  and  unir, 
and  in  eller  and  ullir,  drop  the  i  of  the 
regular  endings  before  the  diphthongs  io 
and  io,  for  the  sake  of  euphony. 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

tTAxEK,  to  play 
TAXENDO,  plaving 
TAnIDO,  played 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Tano,  I  play 

Tanes 

Tane 

Tanemos 

Taneis 

Tanen 

Past  Imperfect. 

Tania,  I  used  to  play 

Tanias 

Tania 

Taniamos 

Taniais 

Tanian 

Past  Perfect. 

Tani,  I  played 

Taniste 

Tano 

Tanimos 

Tanisteis 

Taneron 

Future. 

Tanere,  I  will,  shall  play 

Taneras 

Tanera 

Taneremos 

Tanereis 

Taneran 


IRREGULAR  VEEBS 89 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Tane  tii^  play  (thou),  fam. 
Tana  Ud.,  play  you),  sing. 
Tanamos  N,,  let  us  play 
Taned  V.,  play  (you),  sing,  and  plu 
Tanan  Uds.,  play   (you),  plural 
SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 
Que  yo  taiia,  that  I  may  play 
**     tu  tanas 
* '     el    tana 
'*     N.  tanamos 
"    V.  tanais 
"     E.  tanan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 
Tanera,  I  would,  etc.,  play 
Taiieras 
Tanera 
Taneraraos 
Tanerais 
Taneran 

Second  Form. 
Taneria,  I  would,  etc.,  play 
Tanerias 
Taneria 
Taiieriamos 
Taneriais 
Tanerian 

Third  Form. 
Tanese,  I  would,  etc.^  play 
Taneses 
Tanese 
Tanesemos 
Taneseis 

Tanesen     Future. 
Tanere,  I  would,  etc.,  play 
Taneres 
Tanere 
Taneremos 
Tanereis 
Taneren 
*See    lesson    74    of    Uribe 's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language.  First  Part. 

tit  is   said:    Taner  la  lira    (to  play  the 
lyre). 


90 IRREGULAR  VERBS 

*SIXTH  MODEL  CONJUGATION. 

Verbs  ending  in  ebir,  edir,  egir,  egnir, 
emir,  enchir,  endir,  estir  and  etir,  same  as 
servir,  change  the  e  of  the  penultimate 
syllable  into  i,  in  the  following  persons  and 
tenses: 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

SERVIR,  to  serve 
SIRVIENDO,  serving 
SERVIDO,  served 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Sirvo,  I  serve 

Sirves 

Sirve 

Servimos 

Servis 

Sirven 

Past  Imperfect. 

Servia,  I  used  to  serve 

Servias 

Servia 

Serviamos 

Serviais 

Servian 

Past  Perfect. 

Servi,  I  served 

Serviste 

Sirvio 

Servimos 

Servisteis 

Sirvieron 

Future. 

Servire,  I  will,  shall  serve 

Serviras 

Servira 

Serviremos 

Servireis 

Serviran 


IRREGULAR  VERBS 


91 


IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Sirve  tu,  serve  (thou),  fam. 
Sirva  Ud.,  serve  (you),  sing. 
Sirvamos  N.,  let  us  serve 
Servid  V.,  serve  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Sirvan  Uds.,  serve  (you),  plural 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 
Que  yo  sirva,  that  I  may  serve 
''    tu  sirvas 
' '    el    sirva 
"     N.  sirvamos 
' '    V.  sirvais 
"    E.  sirvan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Sirviera,  I  would,  etc.,  serve 

Sirvieras 

Sirviera 

Sirvieramos 

Sirvierais 

Sirvieran 

Second  Form. 

Serviria,  I  would,  etc.,  serve 

Servirlas 

Serviria 

Serviriamos 

Serviriais 

Servirlan 

Third  Form. 

Sirviese,  I  would,  etc.,  serve 

Sirvieses 

Sirviese 

Sirviesemos 

Sirvieseis 

Sirviesen 

Future. 

Sirviere,  I  would,  etc.,  serve 

Sirvieres 

Sirviere 

Sirvieremos 

Sirviereis 

Sirvieren 

*See   lesson    74    of   Uribe's   Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


92  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


*  SEVENTH  MODEL  CONJUGATION. 

Verbs  ending  in  eir  and  enir  change  the 
e  of  the  stem  into  i  and  do  not  take  the  i 
of  the  regular  endings  in  the  following 
persons  and  tenses: 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

EEIR,  to  laugh 
EIENDO,  laughing 
EEiDO,  laughed 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Eio,  I  laugh 

Eies 

Eie 

Eeimos 

Eeis 

Eien 

Past  Imperfect. 

Eeia,  I  used  to  laugh 

Eeias 

Eeia 

Eeiamos 

Eeiais 

Eeian 

Past  Perfect. 

Eei,  I  laughed 

Eeiste 

Eio 

Eeimos 

Eeisteis 

Eieron 

Future. 

Eeire,  I  will  or  shall  laugh 

Eeiras 

Eeira 

Eeiremos 

Eeireis 

Eeiran 


IRREGULAR  VERBS 93 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Eie  tu,  laugh  (thou),  fam. 
Eia  Ud,  laugh  (you),  sing. 
Eiamos  X.,  let  us  laugh 
Eeid  v.,  laugh  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Eian  Uds,  laugh  (you),  plural 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 
Que  yo  ria,  that  I  may  laugh 
* '    tu  rias 
"    el    ria 
"    N.  riamos 
"    V.  rials 
''    E.  rian 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Eiera,  I  would,  etc.,  laugh 

Eieras 

Eiera 

Eieramos 

Eierais 

Eieran 

Second  Form. 

Eeiria,  I  would,  etc.,  laugh 

Eeirias 

Eeiria 

Eeiriamos 

Eeiriais 

Eeirlan 

Third  Form. 

Eiese,  I  would,  etc.,  laugh 

Eieses 

Eiese 

Eiesemos 

Eieseis 

Eiesen 

Future. 

Eiere,  I  would,  etc.,  laugh 

Eieres 

Eiere 

Eieremos 

Eiereis 

Eieren 
*See    lesson    75    of   Uribe 's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


94  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


♦EIGHTH  MODEL  CONJUGATION. 

Verbs  ending  in  entir,  erir  and  ertir, 
same  as  hervir  (to  boil)  and  rehervir  (to 
boil  again),  change  e  to  i  or  take  i  before 
the  e  of  the  stem  in  the  following  persons 
and  tenses: 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

SENTIR,  to  feel,  be  sorry,  regret 
SINTIENDO,  feeling 
SENTIDO,  felt 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Siento,  I  feel 

Sientes 

Siente 

Sentimos 

Sentis 

Sienten 

Past  Imperfect. 

Sentia,  I  used  to  feel 

Sentias 

Sentia 

Sentiamos 

Sentiais 

Sentian 

Past  Perfect. 

Senti,  I  felt 

Sentiste 

Sintio 

Sentimos 

Sentisteis 

Sintieron 

Future. 

Sentire,  I  will,  shall  feel 

Sentiras 

Sentira 

Sentiremos 

Sentireis 

Sentiran 


IRREGULAR  VERBS  95 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Siente  tti,  feel  (thou),  fam. 
Sienta  Ud.,  feel  (you),  sing. 
Sintamos  N.,  let  us  feel 
Sentid  V.,  feel  (you),  sing.  &:  plu. 
Sientan  Uds.,  feel  (you),  plural 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 
Que  yo  sienta,  that  I  may  feel 
* '     tu  sientas 
"    el    sienta 
''    N.  sintamos 
''    V.  sintais 
"    E.  sientan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Sintiera,  I  would,  etc.,  feel 

Sintieras 

Si^itiera 

Sintieramos 

Sintierais 

Sintieran 

Second  Form. 

Sentiria,  I  would,  etc.,  feel 

Sentirlas 

Sentiria 

Sentiriamos 

Sentiriais 

Sentirian 

Third  Form. 

Sintiese,  I  would,  etc.,  feel 
/         Sintieses 

Sintiese 

Sintiesemos 

Sintieseis 

Sintiesen 

Future. 

Sintiere,  I  would,  etc.,  feel 

Sintieres 

Sintiere 

Sintieremos 

Sintiereis 

Sintieren 

*See    lesson    75    of   Uribe  's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


96  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


*NINTH  MODEL  CONJUGATION. 

Verbs  ending  in  irir  take  an  e  after  the 
first  1;  same  as  jugar  takes  it  after  the  u 
in  the  following  persons  and  tenses: 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

ADQUIEIB,  to  acquire 
ADQUIRIENDO,  acquiring 
ADQUIRIDO,  acquired 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Adquiero,  I  acquire 

Adquieres 

Adquiere 

Adquirimos 

Adquiris 

Adquieren 

Past  Imperfect. 

Adquiria,  I  used  to  acquire 

Adquirias 

Adquiria 

Adquiriamos 

Adquiriais 

Adquirian 

Past  Perfect. 

Adquiri,  I  acquired 

Adquiriste 

Adquirio 

Adquirimos 

Adquiristeis 

Adquirieron 

Future. 

Adquirire,  I  will  acquire 
Adquiriras 
Adquirira 
'    Adquiriremos 
Adquirireis 
Adquiriran 


IRREGUIiAR  VERBS  97 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Adquiere  tu,  acquire  (thou),  fam. 
Adquiera  Ud.,  acquire  (you),  sing. 
Adquiramos  N.,  let  us  acquire 
Adquirid  V.,  acquire  (you),  S.  &  P. 
Adquieran  Uds.,  acquire  (you),  plu. 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.    Present. 

Que  yo  adquiera,  that  I  may  acquire 
**     tu  adquieras 
"    el    adquiera 
"    N.  adquiramos 
"    V.  adquirais 
**     E.  adquieran 

Imperfect.    First  Form. 

Adquiriera,  I  would,  etc.,  acquire 

Adquirieras 

Adquiriera 

Adquirieramos 

Adquirierais 

Adquirieran 

Second  Form. 

Adquiriria,  I  would,  etc.,  acquire 

Adquiririas 

Adquiriria 

Adquiririamos 

Adquiririais 

Adquirirlan 

Third  Form. 

Adquiriese.  I  would,  etc.,  acquire 

Adquirieses 

Adquiriese 

Adquiriesemos 

Adquirieseis 

Adquiriesen 

Future. 

Adquiriere,  I  would,  etc.,  acquire 

Adquirieres 

Adquiriere 

Adquirieremos 

Adquiriereis 

Adquirieren 


98  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


Ninth  Conjugation— Continued. 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

JUGAE,  to  play,  to  gamble 
JUGANDO,  playing,  gambling 
JUGADO,  played,  gambled 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Juego,  I  play 

Juegas 

Juega 

Jiigamos 

Jugais  '^ 

Juegan 

Past  Imperfect. 

Jiigaba,  I  used  to  play 

Jugabas 

Jugaba 

Jugabamos 

Jugabais 

Jugaban 

Past  Perfect. 

tJugue,  I  played 
Jugaste 
Jiigo 
Jiigamos 
Jugasteis 
Jugaron 

Future. 

Jugare,  I  will  play 

Jugaras 

Jiigara 

Jiigaremos 

.Tugareis 

Jiigaran 

tSee  page  18,  verbs  ending  in  ''gar.'* 


ntHEGUIaAB  VERBS 99 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Juega  tu,  play  (thou),  fam. 
Juegue  Ud.,  play  (you),  sing. 
Juguemos  N.,  let  us  play 
Jugad  v.,  play  (you),  sing.  &■  plu. 
Jueguen  Uds.,  play  (you),  plural 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 
Que  yo  juegue,  that  I  may  play 
tu  juegues 
el    juegue 
N.  juguemos 
V.  jugueis 
E.  jueguen 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 
Jugara,  I  would,  etc.,  play 
Jugaras 
Jugara 
Jugaramos 
Jugarais 
Jugaran 

Second  Form. 

Jugaria,  I  would,  etc.,  play 

Jugarias 

Jugaria 

Jugariamos 

Jugariais 

Jugarian. 

Third  Form. 
Jugase,  I  would,  etc.,  play 
Jugases 
Jugase 
Jugasemos 
Jugaseis 

Jugasen       Future. 
Jugare,  I  would,  etc.,  play 
Jugares 
Jugare 
Jugaremos 
Jugareis 
Jugaren 

*See    lesson    75    of   Uribe's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


100  IRREGULAPv  VERBS 


*TENTH  MODEL  CONJUGATION. 

Dormir  and  morir  (to  sleep  and  to  die) 
change  the  o  of  the  stem  into  u  or  into  ue, 
in  different  persons  and  tenses.  The  past 
jjartieiple  of  morir  is  irregular,  besides. 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

DOKMIR,  to  sleep 
DURMIEXDO,  sleeping 
DORMIDO,  slept 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Duermo,  I  sleep 

Duermes 

Duerme 

Dormimos 

Dormis 

Duermen 

Past  Imperfect. 

Dormia,  I  used  to  sleep 

Dormias 

Dormia 

Dormiamos 

Dormiais 

Dormian 

Past  Perfect. 

Dormi,  I  slept 

Dormiste 

Durmio 

Dormimos 

Dormisteis 

Durmieron 

Future. 

Dormire,  I  will,  shall  sleep 

Dormiras 

Dormira 

Dormiremos 

Dormireis 

Dormiran 


IRREGULAR  VERBS  101 


IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Duenne  tu,  sleep  (thou),  fam. 
Duerma  Ud.,  sleep  (you),  sing. 
Durmamos  X.,-let  us  sleep 
Dormid  V.,  sleep  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Duerman  Uds.,  sleep  (you),  plural 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 
Que  TO  duerma,  that  I  may  sleep 
'*     tu  duermas 
' '    el    duerma 
''     N.  durmamos 
"    V.  durmais 
''     E.  duerman 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Durmiera,  I  would,  etc.,  sleep 

Durmieras 

Durmiera 

Durmieramos 

Durmierais 

Durmieran 

Second  Form. 

Dormiria,  I  would,  etc.,  sleep 

Dormirias 

Dormiria 

Dormiriamos 

Dormiriais 

Dormirian 

Third  Fomi. 

Durmiese,  I  would,  etc.,  sleep 

Durmieses 

Durmiese 

Durmiesemos 

Durmieseis 

Durmiesen 

Future. 

Durmiere,  I  would,  etc.,  sleep 

Durmieres 

Durmiere 

Durmieremos 

Durmiereis 

Durmieren 
*See    lesson    75    of    Uribe 's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


102  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


Tenth  Conjugation—Continued. 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

MORIE,  to  die 
MURTENDO,  dying 
MUERTO,  died 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Muero,  I  die 

Mueres 

Muere 

Morimos 

Moris 

Mueren 

Past  Imperfect. 

fMoria,  I  used  to  die 
Morias 
Moria 
Moriamos 
Moriais 
Morian 

Past  Perfect. 

Mori,  I  died 

Moriste 

Murio 

Morimos 

Moristeis 

Murieron 

Future. 

Morire,  I  will,  shall  die 

Moriras 

Morira 

Moriremos 

Morireis 

Moriran 

tMe  moria  de  miedo   (I  was  frightenexi 
to  death). 


IBREGULAB  VESBS  103 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Muere  tu,  die  (thou),  fam. 
Muera  Ud.j  die  (you),  sing. 
Muramos  N.,  let  us  die 
Morid  v.,  die  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Mueran  Uds.,  die  (you),  plural 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  yo  muera,  ttat  I  may  die 
'^     tu  mueras 
' '    el    muera 
'  *     N.  muramos 
"    V.  murais 
"    E,  mueran 

Ijnperfect.     First  Form. 

Muriera,  I  would,  etc.,  die 

Murieras 

Muriera 

Murieramos 

Murierais 

Murieran 

Second  Form. 
Moriria,  I  would,  etc.,  die 
Moririas 
Moriria 
Morirlamos 
Moririais 
Moririan 

Third  Form. 
Muriese,  I  would,  etc.,  die 
Murieses 
Muriese 
Muriesemos 
Murieseis 
Muriesen 

Future. 

Muriere,  I  would,  etc.j  die 

Murieres 

Muriere 

Murieremos 

Muriereis 

Murieren 


104  IRREGUIiAB  VERBS 


^ELEVENTH    MODEL    CONJUGATION. 

Valer  and  Salir  (to  be  worth,  and  to  go 
out)  have  the  same  irregularities,  except  in 
the  Imperative  Mode,  in  which  salir  does 
not  take  the  e  of  the  regular  ending. 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

VALER,  to  be  worth 
VALIENDO,  being  worth 
VALIDO,  been  worth 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Valgo,  I  am  worth 

Vales 

Vale 

Valemos 

Valeis 

Valen 

Past  Imperfect. 

Valla,  I  was  worth,  I  used  to  be 

Valias  [worth 

Valia 

Valiamos 

Valiais 

Valian 

Past  Perfect. 

Vali,  I  was  worth 

Valiste 

Valio 

Valimos 

Valisteis 

Valieron 

Future. 

Valdre,  I  will,  shall  be  worth 

Valdras 

Valdra 

Valdremos 

Valdreis 

Valdran 


IRREGULAR  VERBS  105 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Vale  tu,  be  "worth  (thou),  fam, 
Valga  Ud.,  be  worth  (vou),  sing. 
Yalgamos  N.,  let  us  be  worth 
Valed  v.,  be  worth  (vou),  S.  &  P. 
Yalgan  Uds.,  be  worth  (you),  plural 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 
Que  TO  valga,  that  I  may  be  worth 
'  *    tu  valga  s 
"    el    valga 
'  *■     N.  valgamos 
"    V.  valgais 
''     E.  valgan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Valiera,  I  would,  etc.,  be  worth 

Valieras 

Valiera 

Valieramos 

Valierais 

Valieran 

Second  Form. 

Valdria,  I  would,  etc.,  be  worth 

Valdrias 

Valdria 

Valdrlamos 

Valdriais 

Valdrian 

Third  Form. 

Valiese,  I  would^  etc.,  be  worth 

Valieses 

Valiese 

Valiesemos 

Valieseis 

Valiesen 

Future. 

Valiere,  I  would,  etc.,  be  worth 

Valieres 

Valiere 

Valieremos 

Valiereis 

Valieren 

*See    lesson    76    of   Uribe  's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


106  IRREGULAB  VERBS 


Eleventh  Conjugation— Continued. 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

SALIE,  to  go  out 
SALIEXDO,  going  out 
SALIDO,  gone  out 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Salgo,  I  go  out 
Sales 
Sale 
tSalimos 
Salis 
Salen 

Past  Imperfect. 

Salia,  I  used  to  go  out 

Salias 

Salia 

Saliamos 

Saliais 

Salian 

Past  Perfect. 

Sail,  I  went  out 

Saliste 

Salio 

Salimos 

Salisteis 

Salieron 

Future. 

Saldre,  I  will,  shall  go  out 

Saldras 

Saldra 

Saldremos 

Saldreis 

Saldran 

tValer  takes  the  endings  of  the  second 
model  conjugation,  while  salir  takes  those 
of  the  third  conjugation. 


IRREGULAR  VERBS  107 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Sal  tu,  go  out  (thou),  fam. 
Saiga  Ud.,  go  out  (you),  sing. 
Salgamos  X.^  let  us  go  out 
Salid  v..  go  out  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Salgan  Uds.,  go  out  (you),  plural 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

^ue  yo 

saiga,  that  I  may  go  out 

''     tu 

saigas 

''     el 

saiga 

"     N. 

salgamos 

"    V. 

salgais 

''    E. 

salgan 

Imperfect.    First  Form. 

Saliera,  I  would,  etc.,  go  out 

Salieras 

Saliera 

Salieramos 

Salierais 

- 

Salieran 

Second  Form. 

Saldria,  I  would,  etc.,  go  out 

Saldrias 

Saldria 

Saldriamos 

Saldriais 

Saldrian 

Third  Form. 

Saliese,  I  would,  etc.,  go  out 

Salieses 

Saliese 

Saliesemos 

Salieseis 

Saliesen 

Future. 

Saliere,  I  would,  etc.,  go  out 

Salieres 

Saliere 

Salieremos 

Saliereis 

Salieren 

108  IRREGULAR  VERBS 


*TWELFTH  MODEL  CONJUGATION. 

Verbs  ending  in  uir,  take  y  after  the  u 
of  the  stem,  and  change  the  i  of  the  regular 
endings  to  y  according  to  orthographical 
rules  (page  23).  Inmiscuir  (to  interfere) 
is  a  regular  verb. 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

COXSTRUIE,  to  construct 
COXSTRUYEXDO.  constructing 
COXSTEUiDO,  constructed 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Construyo,  I  construct,  I  build 

Construyes 

Construye 

Coustruimos 

Construis 

Construyen 

Past  Imperfect. 

Construia,  I  used  to  construct, 

Construias  [I  built 

Construia 

Construiamos 

Construiais 

Construian 

Past  Perfect. 

Construi,  I  constructed,  I  built 

Construlste 

Construyo 

Construimos 

Construisteis 

Construyeron 

Future. 

Construire,  I  will  or  shall  construct 

Construiras 

Construira 

Construiremos 

Construireis 

Construiran  ' 


lEPwEGULAE,  VERES  109 


IMPEEATIVE  MODE. 
Construye  tii^  build  (thou),  fam. 
Construya  Ud.,  build  (you),  sing. 
Construyamos  X.,  let  us  construct 
Construid  V.,  build  (you).  S.  &  P. 
Construyan  Uds.,  construct  (you),  P. 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 
Que  yo  construya,  that  I  may  construct, 
'     tu  construyas  [or  build 

'     el    construya 
'     X.  construyamos 
'    V.  construyais 
'    E.  construyan 

Imperfect.    First  Form. 

Construyera,  I  would,  etc.,  construct. 

Construyeras  [build 

Construyera 

Construyeramos 

Construyerais 

Construyeran 

Second  Form. 

Construiria,  I  would,  etc.,  construct. 

Construirlas  [build 

Construiria 

Construiriamos 

Construiriais 

Construirian 

Third  Form. 

Construyese,  I  would,  etc.,  build 

Construyeses 

Construyese 

Construyesemos 

Construyeseis 

Construyesen 

Future. 

Construyere,  I  would,  etc.,  build  or 

Construyeres  [construct 

Construyere 

Construyeremos 

Construyereis 

Construyeren 

*See    lesson    76    of   Uribe's    Master-Key 
to  the  Castillian  Language,  First  Part. 


Personal  Notes. 


FOURTH  PART. 


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122 


AUXILIARY  VERBS 


CONJUGATION    OF    THE    AUXILIARY 
VERB    TO    BE. 


INFINITIVE  MODE. 

To  be  (present) 
To  have  been  (past  per.) 
To  have  to  be  (future) 
Being  (present  part.) 
Been  (past  part.) 
MODE. 
Past  Perfect. 
Hube  sido,  I  had  been, 


Ser 

Haber  sido 
Haber  de  ser 
Siendo 
Sido 

INDICATIVE 
Present. 
Sov,  I  am,  etc. 
Eres 
Es 

Somos 
Sois 
Son 

Past  Imperfect. 


Hubiste  sido 
Hubo  sido 
Hubimos  sido 
Hubisteis  sido 
Hubieron  sido 
Pluperfect. 


[etc. 


Era,  I  used  to  be,  etc.   Habia  sido.Ihadbeen, 


Eras 

Era 

Eramos 

Erais 

Eran 

Past  Perfect. 
Fui,  I  was,  etc. 
Fuiste 
Fue 
Fuimos 
Fuisteis 
Fueron 

Past  Perfect. 


[etc. 


Habias  sido 
Habia  sido 
Habiamos  sido 
Habiais  sido 
Habian  sido 

Future  Imperfect 
Sere,  I  will  be,  etc. 
Seras 
Sera 
Seremos 
Sereis 
Seran 

Future  Perfect. 


He  sido,  I  have  been^    Habre  sido,  I  shall 

[etc.       have  been,  etc. 
Has  sido  Habras  sido 


Ha  sido 
Hemos  sido 
Habeis  sido 
Han  sido 

IMPERATIVE 

Se  tti 

Sea        Ud. 

Seamos    N. 

Sed 

Sean 


Habra  sido 
Habremos  sido 
Habreis  sido 
Habran  sido 
MODE.  Present. 
Be   (thou),  fam. 
Be  (you)j  sing. 
Let  us  be 
V.  Be  (you),  sing.  &  plu. 
Uds.  Be  (you),  plural 


AUXILIARY  VERBS  123 

SUBOTTNCTIVE  MODE.  Present. 

Que  TO  sea  That  I  may  be 

"    tu  seas  That  thou  mayest  be 

''    el    sea  That  he  may  be 

"    N.  seamos  That  we  may  be 

"    V.  seals  That  you  may  be 

' '    E.  sean  That  they  may  be 

Past  Imperfect. 

Yo  fuera,   seria   or   fuese,  I  would,   could, 

Tu  fueras,  serias  or  fueses  [etc.,  be 

El    fuera,  seria  or  fuese 

X.    fueramos,  seriamos  or  fuesemos 

V.    fuerais,  serials  or  fuesels 

E.    fueran,  serian  or  fuesen 

Past  Perfect. 

Que  yo  haya  sido.  That  I  may  have  been, 
''     tii  hayas  sldo  [etc. 

"     el    haya  sido 
' '     N.  hayamos  sldo 
"    V.  hayals  sldo 
'^    E.  hayan  sido 

Pluperfect. 

Yo  hublera,  habria  or  hublese  sldo,  I  would, 

could,  etc.,  have  been 
Tu  hubleras,  habrias  or  hubleses  sido 
El    hublera,  habria  or  hublese  sido         sido 
N.    hubieramos,    habriamos    or    hublesemos 
V.    hubierais,  habriais  or  hubieseis  sldo 
E.    hubleran,  habrian  or  hubiesen  sldo 

Future  Imperfect.         Future  Perfect. 

Yo  fuere,   I   would,  Hubiere  sldo,  I  would, 

could,  etc.,  be  etc.,  have  been 

Tu  fueres  Hubleres  sldo 

El  fuere  Hubiere  sido 

N.  fueremos  Hubleremos  sldo 

V.  fuerels  Hubiereis  sldo 

E.  fueren  Hubieren  sido 


124  REFLEXIVE  VERBS 

MODEL  CONJUaATION  OF  REFLEXIVE 

VERBS  IN  ALL  ITS  SIMPLE  AND 

COMPOUND  TENSES. 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

*VESTIRSE  To    dress    one's    self 

(present) 
Vistiendose  Dressing     one's     self 

(present  participle) 
Vestidose  Dressed     one's     self 

(past  participle) 
Haber  vestidose         To  have  dressed  one's 

(haberse  vestido)      self  (preterit) 
Haber  de  vestirse      To  have  to  dress  one's 

self  (future) 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

(Yo)  me  visto,  I  dress  myself,  etc. 

(Tu)  te  vistes 

(El)  se  viste 

(N.)  nos  vestimos 

(V.)  OS  vestis 

(E.)   se  visten 

Imperfect  Past. 

(Yo)  me  vestia,  I  used  to  dress  myself,  etc. 

(Tu)  te  vestias 

(El)   se  vestia 

(N.)  nos  vestiamos 

(V.)  OS  vestiais 

(E.)  se  vestian 

Preterit. 

(Yo)  me  vesti,  I  dressed  myself,  etc. 

(Tu)  te  vestiste 

(£!l)   se  vistio 

(N.)  nos  vestimos 

(V.)  OS  vestisteis 

(E.)  se  vistieron 

*See  lesson  ''The  Preterit"  in  Uribe's 
Master-Key,  Part  One. 


REFLEXIVE  VERBS  125 

INDICATIVE  MODE— Continued. 

Preterit. 

(Yo)  me  he  vestido,  I  have  dressed  myself, 
(Tu)  te  has  vestido  [etc. 

(El)   se  ha  vestido 
(N.)  nos  hemos  vestido 
(V.)  OS  habeis  vestido 
(E.)   se  han  vestido 

Preterit. 

(Yo)  me  hube  vestido,  I  had  dressed  my- 
(Tu)  te  hubiste  vestido  [self,  etc. 

(El)   se  hubo  vestido 
(N.)  nos  hubimos  vestido 
(V.)  OS  hubisteis  vestido 
(E.)  se  hubieron  vestido 

PlusQLuamperfect. 

(Yo)  me  habia  vestido,  I  had  dressed  my- 
(Tu)  te  habias  vestido  [self,  etc. 

(El)   se  habia  vestido 
(N.)  nos  habiamos  vestido 
(V.)  OS  hablais  vestido 
(E.)   se  habian  vestido 

Imperfect  Future. 

(Yo)  me  vestire,  I  shall  or  will  dress  my- 
(Tii)  te  vestiras  [self,  etc. 

(El)  se  vestira 
(N.)  nos  vestiremos 
(V.)  OS  vestireis 
(E.)  se  vestiran 

Perfect  Future. 

(Yo)  me  habre  vestido,  I  shall  or  will  have 
(Tu)  te  habras  vestido    [dressed  myself,  etc. 
(El)   se  habra  vestido 
(N.)  nos  habremos  vestido 
(V.)  OS  habreis  vestido 
(E.)   se  habran  vestido 


126  REFLEXIVE  VERBS 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Vistete  (tu)  Dress  thyself 

Vistase  Ud.  Dress  yourself 

tVistamonos  (N.)  Let  us  dress  ourselves 
Vestios    (V.)  Dress  yourselves 

Vistanse  Uds.        Dress  yourselves 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 
Que  (yo)  me  vista,  That  I  may  dress  my- 
'^     (tu)  te  vistas  [self,  etc. 

^*     (el)    se  vista 
"     (N.)  nos  vistamos 
"     (V.)  OS  vistais 
**     (E.)  se  vistan 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 
(Yo)  me  vistiera,  I  would,  etc.,  dress  my- 
(Tu)  te  vistieras  [self,  etc. 

(El)   se  vistiera 
(N.)  nos  vistieramos 
(V.)  OS  vistierais 
(E.)  se  vistieran 

Second  Form. 

(Yo)  me  vestiria,  I  would,  etc.,  dress  my- 
(Tu)  te  vestirias  [self,  etc. 

(e1)   se  vestiria 
(N.)  nos  vestiriamos 
(V.)  OS  vestiriais 
(E.)   se  vestirian 

Tliird  Form. 

(Yo)  me  vistiese,  I  would,  etc.,  dress  my- 
(Tu)  te  vistieses  [self,  etc. 

(e1)   se  vistiese 
(N.)  nos  vistiesemos 
(V.)  OS  vistieseis 
(E.)  se  vistiesen 

Perfect  Preterit. 
Que  (yo)  me  haj^a  vestido,  That  I  may  have 
"     (tu)   te  Bayas  vestido         [dressed 
"     (el)    se  haya  vestido  [myself,  etc. 

"     (N.)  nos  hayamos  vestido 
"     (V.)  OS  hayais  vestido 
"     (E.)  se  hayan  vestido. 


REFLEXIVE  VERBS  127 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE— Continued. 

Plusquamperfect.    First  Form. 

(Yo)  me  hubiera  vestido,  I  would,  etc.,  have 
(Tu)  te  hubieras  vestido  [dressed 

(El)   se  hubiera  vestido  [myself,  etc. 

(N.)   nos  hubieramos  vestido 
(V.)  OS  hubierais  vestido 
(E.)  se  hubieran  vestido 

Second  Form. 

(Yo)  me  habria  vestido,  I  would,  etc.,  have 
(Tii)  te  habrias  vestido  [dressed 

(El)  se  habria  vestido  [myself,  etc. 

(N.)  nos  habriamos  vestido 
(V.)  OS  habriais  vestido 
(E.)   se  habrian  vestido 

Third  Form. 

(Yo)  me  hubiese  vestido,  I  would,  etc.,  have 
(Tu)  te  hubieses  vestido  [dressed 

(El)   se  hubiese  vestido  [myself,  etc. 

(X.)  nos  hubiesemos  vestido 
(V.)  OS  hubieseis  vestido 
(E.)  se  hubiesen  vestido 

Imperfect  Future. 

(Yo)  me  vistiere,  I  would,  etc.,  dress  my- 
(Tu)  te  vistieres  [self,  etc. 

(El)   se  vistiere 
(N.)  nos  vistieremos 
(V.)  OS  vistiereis 
(E.)  se  vistieren 

Perfect  Future. 

(Yo)  me  hubiere  vestido,  I  would,  etc.,  have 
(Tu)  te  hubieres  vestido  [dressed 

(El)   se  hubiere  vestido  [myself,  etc. 

(N.)  nos  hubieremos  vestido 
(V.)  OS  hubiereis  vestido 
(E.)   se  hubieren  vestido 

tAll  the  reflexive  verbs  drop  the  "s"  in 
this  person  for  the  sake  of  euphony. 


128  PASSIVE  VOICE 

MODEL  CONJXrGATION  OF  A  VERB  IN 
THE  PASSIVE  VOICE. 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

Ser  teraido  To  be  feared  (Present) 

Siendo  temido  Being  feared  (Pres.  Parte.) 

Sido  temido  Been  feared  (Past  Parte.) 

Haber  side  To  have  been  (Preterit) 

temido  feared 

Haber  de  ser  To  have  to  be  (Future) 

temido  feared 

INDICATIVE  MODE.    Present. 

Soy  temido,  I  am  feared,  etc. 

Eres  temido 

Es  temido 

Somos  temidos   (1) 

Sois  temidos 

Son  temidos 

Imperfect  Past. 

Era  temido,  I  was  feared,  etc.,  or  I  used  to 
Eras  temido  [be  feared 

Era  temido 
Eramos  temidos 
Erais  temidos 
Eran  temidos 

Preterit  or  Past  Perfect. 

Fui  temido,  I  was  feared,  etc. 

Fuiste  temido 

Fue  temido 

Fuimos  temidos 

Fuisteis  temidos 

Fueron  temidos 

Preterit  or  Past  Perfect. 
He  sido  temido,  I  have  been  feared,  etc. 
Has  sido  temido 
Ha  sido  temido 
Hemos  sido  temidos 
Habeis  sido  temidos 
Han  sido  temidos 

(1)  This  is  not  a  past  participle;  but  an 
adjective  subject  to  gender  and  number. 


FASSIVII  VOICE 129 

INDICATIVE  MODE — Continued. 

Preterit  or  Past  Perfect. 

Hube  sido  temido,  I  had  been  feared,  etc. 

Hubiste  sido  temido 

Hiibo  sido  temido 

Hiibimos  sido  temidos 

Hubisteis  sido  temidos 

Hubieron  sido  temidos 

Plusquamperfect. 

Habia  sido  temido,  I  bad  been  feared,  etc. 

Habias  sido  temido 

Habia  sido  temido 

Habiamos  sido  temidos 

Habiais  sido  temidos 

Habian  sido  temidos 

Imperfect  Puture. 

Sere  temido,  I  shall  or  will  be  feared,  etc. 

Seras  temido 

Sera  temido 

Seremos  temidos 

Sereis  temidos 

Seran  temidos 

Perfect  Future. 

Habre    sido   temrdo,   I   shall    or    will   have 
Habras  sido  temido  [been  feared,  etc. 

Habra  sido  temido 
Habremos  sido  temidos 
Habreis  sido  temidos 
Habran  sido  temidos 

IMPERATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Se  temido  (tu)  Be  feared  (thou), f am. 

Sea  temido  Ud.  Be  feared  (you) ,  sing. 

Seamos  temidos  N.  Let  us  be  feared 

Sed  temidos  V.  Be  feared  (you),  plu. 

Sean  temidos  Uds.  Be  feared  (you),  plu. 


130  PASSIVE  VOICE 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  YO  sea  temido,  That  I  may  be  feared, 
'  *     tu  seas  temido  [etc. 

**     el    sea  temido 
**     N.  seamos  temidos 
"     V.  seais  temidos 
'*    E.  sean  temidos 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Fiiera  temido,  I  would,  etc.,  be  feared,  etc. 

Fueras  temido 

Puera  temido 

Fueramos  temidos 

Fuerais  temidos 

l\ieraii  temidos 

Second  Form. 

Seria  temido,  I  would,  etc.,  be  feared,  etc. 

Serias  temido 

Seria  temido 

Seriamos  temidos 

Serials  temidos 

Serlan  temidos 

Third  Form. 

Fuese  temido,  I  would,  etc.,  be  feared,  etc. 

Fueses  temido 

Fuese  temido 

Fuesemos  temidos 

Fueseis  temidos 

Fuesen  temidos 

Preterit. 

Que  yo  haya  sido  temido.  That  I  may  have 
**  tu  havas  sido  temido  [been  feared, 
**     el    haya  sido  temido  [etc. 

**     N.  hayamos  sido  temidos 
"     V.  hayais  sido  temidos 
"     E.  hayan  sido  temidos 


PASSIVE  VOICE  131 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE— Continued. 

Plusquamperfect.    First  Fomi. 

Hubiera   sido   temido,  I  would,   etc.,   have 
Hubieras  sido  temido  [been  feared 

Hubiera  sido  temido 
Hubieramos  sido  temidos 
Hubierais  sido  temidos 
Hubieran  sido  temidos 

Second  Form. 

Habria    sido    temido,    I   would,    etc.,   have 
Habrias  sido  temido  [been  feared 

Habria  sido  temido 
Habriamos  sido  temidos 
Habriais  sido  temidos 
Habrlan  sido  temidos 

Third  Form. 

Hubiese   sido   temido,   I  would,   etc.,   have 
Hubieses  sido  temido  [been  feared 

Hubiese  sido  temido 
Hubiesemos  sido  temidos 
Hubieseis  sido  temidos 
Hubiesen  sido  temidos 

Imperfect  Future. 

Fuere  temido,  I  would,  etc.,  be  feared 

Fueres  temido 

Fuere  temido 

Fueremos  temidos 

Fuereis  temidos 

Fueren  temidos 

Perfect  Future. 

Hubiere   sido   temido,   I  would   have   been 
Hubieres  sido  temido  [feared,  etc. 

Hubiere  sido  temido 
Hubieremos  sido  temidos 
Hubiereis  sido  temidos 
Hubieren  sido  temidos 


132      DEFECTIVE  VERBS 

MODEL  CONJUGATION  OF  DEFECTIVE 

VERBS. 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 

Abolir  To  abolish 

Aboliendo  Abolishing 

Abolido  Abolished. 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 
,  I  abolish,  etc. 

Abolimos  We  abolish 

Abolis  You  abolish,  s.  and  p. 

Past  Imperfect. 

Abolia,  I  used  to  abolish,  etc. 

Abolias 

Abolia 

Aboliamos 

Aboliais 

Abolian 

Past  Perfect. 

Aboil,  I  abolished,  I  did,  etc. 

Aboliste 

Abolio 

Abolimos 

Abolisteis 

Abolieron 

Imperfect  Future. 

Abolire,  I  shall  or  will  abolish,  etc. 

Aboliras 

Abolira 

Aboliremos 

Abolireis 

Aboliran 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Abolish  (thou),  fam. 

Abolish   (you),  sing. 

Let  us  abolish 

Abolid  Abolish  (you),  s.  and  p. 
„ Abolish  (you),  plu. 


DEFECTIVE  VERBS  133 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Que  vo  That  I  may  abolish,  etc. 

tu  

el    

N 

V 

E 

Imperfect.     First  Form. 

Aboliera,  I  would,  etc.,  abolish 

Abolieras 

Aboliera 

Abolieramos 

Abolierais 

Abolieran 

Second  Form. 

Aboliria,  I  would,  etc.,  abolish 

Abolirias 

Aboliria 

Aboliriamos 

Aboliriais 

Abolirian 

Third  Form. 

Aboliese,  I  would,  etc.,  abolish 

Abolieses 

Aboliese 

Aboliesemos 

Abolieseis 

Aboliesen 

Future. 

Aboliere,  I  would,  etc.,  abolish 

Abolieres 

Aboliere 

Abolieremos 

Aboliereis 

Abolieren 


134  IMPERSONAL  VERBS 

MODEL   CONJUGATION   OF   IMPER- 
SONAL VERBS. 

INFINITIVE  MODE. 
Llover  To  rain 

Lloviendo  Raining 

Llovido  Rained 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 


Llueve,  It  rains 


Past  Imperfect. 


Llovia,  It  used   to  rain^  it  was  raining, 
[it  rained,  etc. 


Past  Perfect. 

Llovio,  It  rained,  it  did  rain 

Imperfect  Future. 
Llovera,  It  will  rain 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 


« 


IMPEBSONAL  VESBS  135 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE.     Present. 


Que  llueva,  That  it  may  rain 


Imperfect.     First  Form. 


Lloviera,  It  would,  etc.,  rain 


Second  Form. 


Lloveria,  It  would,  etc,  rain 


Third  Form. 


Lloviese,  It  would,  etc.,  rain 


Future. 


Lloviere.  It  would,  etc..  rain 


136 

Impersonal  Verbs. 

HABER— IMPEESONAL 

IITFINITIVE  MODE. 

*HABER (There)   be.     Present. 

HABIENDO    There  being.     Pres.  Part. 

HABIDO  There  having  been.  Past 

Part. 

INDICATIVE  MODE. 

filar   There  is,  there  are.  Pres. 

Habia    There    was,    there   were. 

Impct.  Past. 
Hubo   There   was,    there    were. 

Perfect  Past. 
Ha  habido   There  has  been.    Perfect 

Past. 
Hubo  habido  There  had  been.   Perfect 

Past. 
Habia  habido  There    had    been.      Plu- 
perfect. 
Habra    There    will   be.      Simple 

Future. 
Habra  habido There    will    have    been. 

Future  Perfect. 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE. 

Hava   Let  there  be.     Present. 

Hubiera There  would  be.     Impct. 

Habria  There  would  be.     Impct. 

Hubiese  There  would  be.     Impct. 

Haya  habido  There   (mav)  have  been. 

Past  Perfect. 
Hubiera  habido. ...There  would  have  been. 

Pluperfect. 
Habria   habido  ....There  would  have  been. 

Pluperfect. 
Hubiese  habido.. ..There  would  have  been. 

Pluperfect.^ 

Hubiere  There  would  be.    Future. 

Hubiere  habido—.There  would  have  been. 

Future  Perfect. 
*It  is  said:    No  puede  haber  paz  (there 
cannot  be  peace). 

tHa  is  used  instead  of  hay  in  speaking 
of  the  time:  Ha  mucho  tiempo  (long  time 
ago).     Tres  anos  ha  (three  years  ago). 


137 

Regular,     Irregular     and     semi-irregular 
Verbs  Having  Two  Past  Participles 

Eegular  and  irregular  verbs  having  two 
past  participles,  of  which  the  irregular  one 
is  used  as  an  adjective  only,  Frito  (fried), 
preso  (arrested),  provisto  (provided),  and 
roto  (broken)  are  the  only  irregular  past 
participles  used  with  the  auxiliary  verb 
To  have  (haber). 

A 

Abstraer — to  abstract 

abstraido,  abstracto — abstracted  60-61 
Ahitar — to  become  tired 

ahitado,  ahito — tired 16-19 

Afligir — to  afflict 

afligido,  aflicto — afflicted 24-27 

Atender — to  attend 

atendido,  atento — attentive 80-81 

B 

Bendecir — to  bless 

bendecido,    bendito — blessed 46-47 

C 

Circuncidar — to  circumcise 

Circuncidado,  circunciso — 

circumcised  16-19 

Compeler — to  compel 

compelido,  compulse — compelled  20-23 
Comprender — to  comprehend 

comprendido,  compreso — 

comprehended^ 20-23 

Comprimir-^to  compress 

comprimido,  compreso — 

compressed   24-27 

Concluir — to  conclude 

concluido,  concluso — concluded. .108-109 
Confesar — to  confess 

confesado,  confeso — confessed..  80-81 
Confundir — to  confound 

confundido,  confuso — 

confounded  24-27 

Consumir — to  consmue 

consumido,  consunto — consumed     24-27 


138  PAST  PARTICIPLES 

Contnndir — to  bruise 

contnndido,   contuso — bruised—.     24-27 

Conveneer — to  convince 

eonvencido — convicto — convicted 

— convinced    20-22 

Convertir — to  convert 

convertido,  converse — converted     94-95 
Corregir — to  correct 

corregido,  correcto — 

corrected  (correct)   90-91-27 

Corromper — to  corrupt 

corrompido,   corrupto — 

corrupted    20-23 

D 

Despertar — to  awaken 

despertado,    despierto — 

awoke  (awake)  80-81 

Difundir — to  diffuse 

difundido,  difuso — 

diffused   (diffuse)    24-27 

Dividir — to  divide 

dividido,  diviso — divided  24-27 

I! 

Elegir — to  elect 

elegido,  electo — elected 90-91 

Enjugar — to  wipe  off 

enjugado,  enjuto — wiped  off 16-19 

Excluir — to  exclude 

excluidO;    excluso — excluded 108-109 

Eximir — to  exempt 

eximido,  exento — exempted 24-27 

Expeler — to  eject 

expelido,  expulso — ejected 20-23 

Expresar — to  express 

expresado,   expreso — expressed..     16-19 
Extender — to  extend 

extendido,  extenso — 

extended  (extensive)  80-81 

Extinguir — to  extinguish 

extinguido,  extinto — 

extinguished    24-27 


PAST  PAJITICIPLES  139 

F 

Fijar — to  fix 

fijado,  Hjo — fixed 16-19 

Freir — to  fry 

freido,  frito— fried 92-93 

H 
Hartar — to  satiate 

hartado,  harto — satiated 16-19 

I 
Incluir — to  include 

incluido,  incluso — included 108-109 

Incurrir — to  incur 

incurrido,    incurso — incurred 21-27 

Infundir — to  infuse 

iufundido,  iufuso — infused 21-27 

Injertar — to  ingraft 

injertado,   injerto — ingrafted  ....     16-19 
Insertar — to  insert 

insertadOj    inserto — inserted 16-19 

Invertir-  ^to  invert 

invertido,   inverso — inverted 91-95 

J 

Juntar — to  join 

juntado,    junto — joined 16-19 

M. 

Maldecir — to  curse 

maldecido,  maldito — cursed 16-17 

Manifestar — to  manifest 

manifestado,  manifiesto — 

manifested   80-81 

N 
Nacer — to  be  born 

nacido,    nato — being   born 81-85 

O 
Oprimir — to  oppress 

oprimido,    opreso — oppressed 21-27 

P 

Pasar — to  pass 

pasado,  paso — passed 16-19 

Poseer — to  possess 

poseido,    poseso — possessed 20-23 


140  PAST  FAJtTICIPLES 

Prender — to  arrest 

prendido,   preso — arrested 20-23 

Presumir — to  presume 

presiimido,   presunto — presumed     2-1-27 
Pretender — to  pretend 

pretendido,  pretenso — pretended     20-23 
Propender — to  be  inclined 

propendido,  propenso — 

being  inclined  20-23 

Proveer — to  provide 

proveido,  provisto — provided  ....     20-23 

R 

Kecluir — to  shut  in 

recluido,   recluso — shut   in 108-109 

Eomper — to  break 

rompido,  roto — broken 20-23 

S 

Salpresar — to  salt  (pickle) 

salpresado,   salpreso — 

salted   (pickled)   16-19 

Salvar — to  save 

salvado,  salvo — saved 16-19 

Sepultar — to  bury 

sepultado,  sepulto — buried 16-19 

Soltar — to  let  loose 

soltado,  suelto — let  loose 82-83 

Substituir — to  substitute 

substituido,  substituto — 

substituted  108-109 

Sujetar — to  subdue 

sujetado,    sujeto — subdued 16-19 

Suprimir — to  suppress 

suprimido,    supreso — suppressed     24-27 
Suspender — to  suspend 

suspendidO;  suspenso — suspended    20-23 

T 

Tenir — to  dve 

tenido,  tinto — dved 92-93 

Torcer — to  wring  (twist) 

torcido,  tuerto — 

wrung    (twisted) 22-82-83 


141 

ALPHABETICAL    LIST    OF    IRREGU- 
LAR   AND    SEMI-IRREGULAR 
VERBS  USED  IN  THE  SPAN- 
ISH LAUGUAGE 

Abbreviations  Used  in  This  List 

a Stands  for  active. 

aux *  *  ' '     auxiliarv. 

def ''  "    defective. 

imp "  "    impersonal. 

n "  "    neuter. 

r "         "    reflexive  or  reciprocal. 

The  numbers  indicate  the  page  at  which 
the  model  conjugation  of  every  verb  can 
be  found.  The  model  conjugation  of  ''ab- 
solver"  is  "contar,"  see  pages  82  and  83. 

A. 

Abastecer  To  supply,    purvey, 

a.   and   r 84-85 

Abolir    To  abolish,  a.   and 

def 24-25, 132-133 

Abrir  To  open,   a.,    n.    and 

r 24-25-162 

Absolver  To  absolve,  a 82-83 

Abstraer   To  abstract,     a.^     n. 

and  r 60-61 

Acaecer  To  happen,     n,     and 

imp 84-85,  132-133 

Aeertar   To  ascertain,    guess, 

divine,  a.  and  n.     80-81 

Acollar To  put  dirt  around  a 

plant,    cultivate, 

a 82-83 

Acontecer  To  happen,  imp 84-85 

Acordar  To  agree,  accord,  re- 
member, a.,  n. 
and  r 82-83 

Acornar  — To  butt    with    the 

horns,  a 82-83 

Acostar   To  put    to    bed,    lay 

down,  a.,  n.  and  r.     82-83 

Acrecentar   To  increase,   a 80-81 

Adestrar   To  train,  a 80-81 

Adherir  To  adhere,  n.  and  r.     94-95 


142      UST  OF  lEEEGULAR  VERBS 

Adormir    To  bef  ogue,    calm,  n. 

and  r 100-101 

Adquirir   To  acquire,  a 96-99 

Aducir  To  present  proofs,  a.     86-87 

Advertir   „.To  warn,     announce, 

a.,  n.  and  r 94-95 

Afluir  To  concur    in    great 

number  or  quan- 
tity, n 108-109 

Agorar  To  foretell,  a 82-83 

Agradecer  To  be    thankful, 

grateful,  a 84-85 

Alentar  To  encourage,   a.,   n. 

and  r 80-81 

Aliquebrar   To  break  the  wings, 

a.   and   r 80-81 

Almorzar To  breakfast,  a.  and 

n 82-83-19 

Alongar  To  enlarge,  a.  and  r... 82-83-18 

Amanecer   To  dawn,    to    be    at 

dawn,  a.,  n.,  imp. 

and  r 84-85-134-135 

Amoblar    To  furnish  a  house,  a.    82-83 

Amolar    To  grind,  sharpen,  a.     82-83 

Andar To  walk,     stroll,     n. 

and  r 30-31 

Anochecer To  grow  dark,  to  be 

at     twilight,     n., 

imp. and  r.  84-85,134-135 

Anteponer To  place    before,    a. 

and  r 58-59 

Apacentar -To  put  or  send  cat- 
tle into  pasture, 
a.   and  r 80-81 

Aparscer To  appear,   n  and  r.     84-85 

Apercollar To  hold  by  the  neck, 

a 82-83 

Apernar To  tie    animals    by 

the  legs,  a 80-81 

Apostar  To  bet,  to  post  sol- 
diers, a.  and  r 82-83 

Apretar  -To  tighten,    squeeze, 

a.   and  r 80-81 

Aprobar To  approve,  a 82-83 


LIST  OF  IRREGULAR  VERBS      143 

Argilir  To  argue,  a.  and  n... 108-109 

Arrecirse  To  freeze,  to  be  froz- 
en, r.  and  def 132-133 

Arrendar  To  lease,  let,  rent,  a.     80-81 

Arrepentirse  ....To  repent,  r 94-95 

Ascender  To  ascend,  a.  and  n.     80-81 

Asentar  To  smooth,    calm,    a, 

and  r 80-81 

Asentir    To  assent,  consent,  n.     94-95 

Aserrar   To  saw,   a 80-81 

Asir   To  take     hold     of, 

catch,    seize,    a., 

B.   and  r 68-69 

Asolar  To  destroy,  devas- 
tate, desolate,  a.     82-83 

Asoldar   To  hire   servants,    a. 

and  r 82-83 

Ataner  To  pertain,    concern, 

def 88-89 

Atender  To  attend,  to  be  at- 
tentive, a.  and  n.     80-81 

Atenerse   To  rely  on,  r 34-35 

Atentar  To  attempt,    tempt, 

a.   and  r 80-81 

Aterirse  To  grow     stiff    with 

cold,  r 94-95 

Aterrar   To  terrify,  a.  and  r.     80-81 

Atestar    To  cram,      stuff, 

crowd,  a 80-81 

Atraer  To  attract,  allure,  a 

and  r 60-61 

Atravesar  To  cross,   pass    over, 

traverse,  a.  and  r.     80-81 

Atribuir    To  attribute,  a.  and 

r 108-109 

Atronar  To  resound,    a.     and 

r 82-83,  134-135 

Avenir  To  agree,  to  be  con 

genial,  a.  and  r...     62-63 

Aventar To  be  puffed  up,  ex- 
pell,  a.  and  r 80-81 

Avergonzar To  shame,  a.  and  r... 82-83-19 


144      LIST  OF  lEEEGULAR  VERBS 


Balbucir    To  stammer,   n.    and 

def 84-85 

Bendecir   *To  bless,  a 46-47-137 

Bienquerer   To  like   well,  to  be- 

love,  a 50-51 

Brunir   To  burnish,  a 88-89 

Bullir  To  bustle,  a.,  n.  and 

r 88-89 


Caber  To  contain,  go 

through^  hold,  n.     66-67 

Caer  To  fall,  n.  and  r 40-41-23 

Calentar    To  warm,  heat,  a. 

and  r 80-81 

Cegar  To  go  or  grow  blind, 

a.    and   n 80-81-18 

Cenir   To  restrain,  draw  up 

the  waist,  tighten 

a  belt,  a.  and  r...     92-93 

Cerner   To  strain,  a.  and  n...     80-81 

Cerrar    To  close,  lock,  a.,  n. 

and  r 80-81 

Cimentar  To  cement,  found,  a.     80-81 

Circuir  To  encircle,    a 108-109 

Cocer  To  boil,  a.,  n.  and  r.  82-83-22 

Colar   To  strain,    filter,    a., 

n.   and  r 82-83 

Colegir  ..." To  deduce,  infer,  a.  90-91-27 

Colgar   To  hang,  suspend,  a. 

and  n 82-83-18 

Comedirse  To  be  of  service,  to 

be  thoughtful,  a, 

and  r 90-91 

Comenzar    To  commence,  begin, 

start,  a.  and  n... 80-81-19 

Competir  To  compete,  n 90-91 

Complacer  To  please,  a.  and  r...     84-85 

Componer   To  compose,  arrange, 

put  in  order,  re- 
pair, a.,  n.  and  r.     58-59 


LIST  OF  IBREGULAE.  VERBS      145 

Comprobar   To  verify,   to  prove, 

a.,  n.  and  r 82-83 

Concebir   To  conceive,  a.  and  n.     90-91 

Concernir    To  regard,     concern, 

n.  and  def.  80-81, 132-133 

Concertar   To  agree,  settle,  ad- 
just, a.,  n.  and  r.     80-81 

Concluir    To  conclude,    a.    and 

r 108-109 

Concordar  To  accord,   agree,   a. 

and  n 82-83 

Condescender  ..To  yield,  condescend, 

n 80-81 

Condolerse    To  condole,  r 82-83 

Condueir  To  conduct,    convey, 

a.  and  r 86-87 

Conferir  To  do  favors,  confer 

honors 

a.  and  n 94-95 

Confesar   To  confess,  a.  and  r.  80-81 

Conmover   -To  move    (passions), 

a.   and  r 82-83 

Conocer  To  know,  be  acquaint- 
ed, a.  and  r 84-85 

Conseguir    To  get,  attain,  a 90-91-26 

Consentir    To  consent,  a.  and  r.  94-95 

Consolar    To  console,  cheer,  a. 

and  r 82-83 

Consonar  To  harmonize,  n 82-83 

Constituir  To  constitute,  a 108-109 

Constrenir  To  constrain, force,  a.  92-93 

Construir To  construct,  a 108-109 

Contar  To  count,  a.  and  n...  82-83 

Contender  To  contend,  n 80-81 

Contener  To  contain,     hold, 

stop,  a.  and  r 34-35 

Contradecir To  contradict,  a.  and 

r 46-47 

Contraer   _To  contract,  a.  and  r.  60-61 

Contrair  To  oppose,  a 44-45 

Contrahacer  ....To  counterfeit,    n. 

and  r 42-43 

Contraponer  ....To  oppose,    compare, 

a.   and  r 58-59 


146      LIST  OF  IRREGULAR  VERBS 

Contravenir    ....To  contravene,  trans- 
gress, a 62-63 

Contribuir To  contribute,   a 108-109 

Controvertir  ....To  dispute,      contro- 
vert, a.  and  n 94-95 

ConA-enir  To  agree,  n.  and  r 62-63 

Convertir    To  convert,  a.  and  r.     91-95 

Cornar  To  butt    with    the 

horns,  a.  and  r...     82-83 

Corregir To  correct,  amend,  a. 

and   r '...90-91-27 

Corroer    To  corrode,  a.  and 

r 161 

Costar    To  cost,  a 82-83 

Crecer To   grow,   n.   and  r...     84-85 

Creer   To  believe,  a 20-23-163 

Cubrir    *To  cover,    a.    and    r. 

(irr.  in  past  part, 

only)    24-25-162 

D 

Dar  To  give,  a.,  n.  and  r.  38-39 

Decaer  To  decay,  fade,  n 40-41 

Decentar  To  decay,  rot,  a.  and 

r 80-81 

Decir   To  say,  tell,  a 46-47 

Deducir  To  deduce,  a 86-87 

Defender  To  defend,  a 80-81 

Deferir  To  defer,  a.  and  n...  94-95 

Degollar    To  behead,  a 82-83 

Denioler  To  demolish,  a 82-83 

Demostrar  To  demonstrate,  a. ..  82-83 

Denegar To  deny,  a 80-81-18 

Denostar  To  insult,  a 82-83 

Deponer  To  displace,  declare, 

vomit,  a 58-59 

Derrengar  To  lame,  a.  and  r 80-81-18 

Derretir  To  melt,  a.  and  r 90-91 

Derruir    To  ruin,  destroy,  a...l08-109 

Desacertar    To  err,  mistake,  a 80-81 

Desacordar  To  disharmonize,     a. 

and  r 82-83 

Desagradecer.-.To  be  ungrateful,  a.  84-85 


LIST  OF  IRREGUIiAIl  VERBS      147 

Desalentar    To  discourage,  a.  and 

r 80-81 

Desamoblar To  unfurnisli,  a 82-83 

Desandar To  walk  way  back,  a.  30-31 

Desapareeer To    disappear    a.    u. 

and   r 84-85 

Desapretar   To  loosen,  a 80-81 

Desaprobar  To  disapprove,  a 82-83 

Desarrendar  ....To  break  a  lease,  a. 

and  r 80-81 

Desasir To  let  go,  get  rid  of, 

a 68-69 

Desatender  To  neglect,  a 80-81 

Desatravesar  ....To  remove  what  was 

across,  a 80-81 

Desavenir To  disagree,  a.  and  r.     62-63 

Descender  To  descend,  n 80-81 

Descolgar   To  take    down,    a. 

and  r 82-83-18 

Descollar  To  excel,  a.  and  r 82-83 

Descomedirse....To  not  to  be  oblig- 
ing, r 90-91 

Deseomponer  ....To  discompose,      de- 
compose,     disar- 
range, a.  and  r...     58-59 
Desconcertar  ....To  discon,cert,      a. 

and  r 80-81 

Deseonoeer  To  disavow,  be  ignor- 
ant, not  to  recog- 
nize, a.  and  r 84-85 

Desconsolar    ....To  discourage,     a. 

and  r 82-83 

Descontar  To  discount,  dimin- 
ish, a 82-83 

Descordar  To  unstring,  a 82-83 

Desdecir To  retract,    a.,    n. 

and  r 46-47 

Desempedrar  ....To  remove  stones,  to 

unpave,  a 80-81 

Desencerrar To  unlock,  to  free,  a.     80-81 

Desencordar  ....To  unstring,  a 82-83 

Desengrosar  ....To  get  thin,  a 82-83 

Desenterrar To  disinter,  unearth, 

a 80-81 

Deservir   To  be  useless,  a 90-91 


148      lilST  OF  ntREGUIiAR  VEBBS 

Desgobernar  ....To  misgovern,     a. 

and  r 80-81 

Deshacer  To  undo,  a.  and  r 42-43 

Deshelar   To  thaw,  a. 

and  r 80-81, 134-135 

Desherbar  To  weed,  a 80-81 

Desherrar   To  remove  horse- 
shoes, a.  and  r...     80-81 

Desinvernar  ....To  l6ave  the  winter 

quarters,  a.  and  n.    80-81 

Deslendrar   To  clean    the    hair 

from  nits,  a 80-81 

Deslucir To  spoil,  tarnish  the 

lustre,  obscure 
one's  merit,  a. 
and  r 84-85 

Desmembrar  ....To  dismember,  a.  and 

r 80-81 

Desmerecer  To  demerit,  be  low- 
ered in  estima- 
tion, a.  and  n 84-85 

Desoir    To  ignore,    not    to 

hear,  a 56-57 

Desolar    To  destroy,  harass, 

lay  waste,  a.  and  r.    82-83 

Desoldar   To  unsolder,  a.  and  r.     82-83 

Desollar  To  skin,  a.  and  r 82-83 

Desosar   *To  take  out  the  bones 

of  animals  or 
fruits,  a 82-83-29 

Desparecer Not  to  be  of  the  same 

likeness,  n.  and  r.    84-85 

Despavorir To  frighten,   def 132-133 

Despedir  To  bid  good-bye,  dis- 
charge, a.  and  r.     90-91 

Despernar  To  cut  off  the  legs,  a.     80-81 

Despertar   To  awake,  a.,  n.  and 

r 80-81 

Desplegar  To  unfold,   open  the 

lips,  remove  plaits, 

a.  and  r 80-81-18 

Despoblar  To  depopulate,  a. 

and  r 82-83 


LIST  OF  IBREGUIiAR  VERBS      149 

Desquerer  To  cease  loving,  a...     50-51 

Desterrar  To  banish,  a 80-81 

Destituir To  deprive,     to     fire 

out,  a 108-109 

Destorcer To  untwist,  a.  and  r... 82-83-22 

Destrocar   To  annul  an  ex- 
change, a 82-83-18 

Destruir To  destroy,  a.  and  r.  108-109 

Desvergonzarse   To  be  impudent,r... 82-83-19 

Desvestir To  undress,  a.  and  r.     90-91 

Detener  To  detain,    stop,    a. 

and  r 34-35 

Devolver  To  restore,  return,  a. 

and  r 82-83 

Diferir  To  differ,  put  off,   a 

and  n 94-95 

Digerir To  digest,  a 94-95 

Diluir To  dilute,  a.  and  r...l08-109 

Discernir  To  discern,  a 80-81 

Discordar To  disagreej  n 82-83 

Disentir  To  disagree  in  opin- 
ion, n 94-95 

Disminuir   To  diminish,     a.,     n. 

and  r 108-109 

Disolver To  dissolve,  a.  and  r,     82-83 

Disonar  To  disagree  in  sound, 

n 82-83 

Disponer  To  dispose    of,   ar- 
range, prepare,  a., 

n.   and  r 58-59 

Distender    To  distend,  a.  and  r.     80-81 

Distraer To  distract,  a.  and  r.     60-61 

Distribuir  To  distribute,  a,  and 

r 108-109 

Divertir .To  amuse,  a.  and  r...     94-95 

Dolar   To  carve  wood,  a 82-83 

Doler   To  pain,  n.  and  r 82-83 

Dormir To  sleep,  a.,  n.  and  r.  100-101 


Elegir    To  elect,  select, 

choose,  a 90-91-27 


150      LIST  OF  IRREaULAR  VERBS 


Embair To  deceive,  labor  un- 
der delusion,  a. 
and  def 132-133 

Embestir  To  assail,  a.  and  n...     90-91 

Emparentar To  be  related  by 

marriage,  n 80-81 

Empedernir    ....To  harden,  a.,  r.  and 

def 132-133 

Empedrar To  pave  with  stones, 

a 80-81 

Empezar   To  begin,  commence, 

start;  a.  and  n...80-81-19 

Emporcar   To  soil,  dirty,  a.  and 

r 82-83-18 

Encender    To  kindle,  inflame, 

light,  a.  and  r -80-81 

Encerrar  To  shut  up,   confine, 

lock  up,  a.  and  r.     80-81 

Enelocar   To  feel  proud,  pride 

oneself,n.andr.  82-83-18 

Encomeudar  ....To  recommend,  a.,  n. 

and  r 80-81 

Encontrar  To  meet,    encounter, 

a.,  n.  and  r 82-83 

Encorar  To  encase  in  leather^ 

a.,  n.  and  r 82-83 

Encordar  To  string,  a 82-83 

Encovar    To  hide  in  a  cave....     82-83 

Engreir   To  be  fond  or  proud 

of,  a.  and  r 92-93 

Engrosar  To  increase,    grow 

stout,  a.,  n.  and  r.  82-83 
Enhestar  To  set  upright,  erect, 

a.   and  r 80-81 

Enlenzar  To  line    with    linen, 

a 80-81-19 

Enmelar    To  sweeten,    cover 

with  honey,  a 80-81 

Enmendar  To  correct,  reform,  a. 

and  r 80-81 

Enrodar  To  kill  by  means  of 

a  wheel,  a 82-83 


LIST  OF  IBBEGUIiAR  VERBS      151 

Ensangrentar  ..To  stain  with  blood, 

a.   and   r 80-81 

Entender  To  understand,   a. 

and  r 80-81 

Enterrar   To  inter,  bury,  a 80-81 

Entortar   To  spoil  tlie  sight  of 

one  eje^  a.  and  r.     82-83 

Entremorir  To  starve,    have    a 

candle      almost 

finished,   n 102-103 

Entreoir    To  hear  without  un- 
derstanding well, 

a 56-57 

Entrepernar  ....To  cross  the  legs,  n.     80-81 

Entretener   To  entertain,    delay, 

a.   and   r 31-35 

Entrever  To  foresee,    disclose, 

a 64-65 

Envestir    To  invest  with   hon- 
ors, etc.,  a 90-91 

Envolver  To  wrap  up,  a.  and  r.     82-83 

Equivaler   To  be  equivalent,  n.  104-105 

Erguir   To  be    elated    with 

pride,  erect,  raise 

up,  n.  and  r 70-71-26 

Errar   To  err,  a.,  n.and  r.  80-81-164 

Escarmeutar  ....To  take    warning, 

have    experience, 

a.  and  n 80-81 

Escocer   To  irritate,  provoke, 

n.  and  r 82-83-22 

Escribir  To  write,  a.  and  r.  24-25-162 

Esforzar    To  strengthen,    a. 

and   r 82-83-19 

Estar   To  be,  n.  and  r 32-33 

Estregar   To  rub,  scour,  a.  and 

r 80-81-18 

Estrenir  To  constipate,  n,  and 

r 92-93 

Excluir    To  exclude,  a 108-109 

Expedir  To  despatch,  issue,  a.     90-91 

Exponer To  expose,  a.  and  r...     58-59 

Extender  To  extend,  a.  and  r...     80-81 

Extraer  To  extract,  a 60-61 


152      LIST  OF  IRREGULAR  VEBBS 

F 

Fallecer  To  die,  n 84-85 

Favorecer  To  favor,  protect  a...     84-85 

Fenecer  To  die,    finish,     con- 
clude, a.  and  n...     84-85 

Florecer    To  blossom,  flourish, 

bloom,  n.  and  r...     84-85 

Fluir    To  flow,  n 108-109 

Fortalecer  To  fortify,  strength- 
en, a.  and  r 84-85 

Forzar   To  force,  compel,  a.  82-83-19 

Fregar  To  rub,  cleanse,  wash 

(dishes),  a 80-81-18 

Freir    To  fry,  a.  and  r 92-93 

G 

Ganir  To  howl,  n 88-89 

Garantir    To  guarantee, 

a 24-25, 132-133 

Gemir  To  groan,  n 90-91 

Gobernar  To  govern,  a.,  n.  and 

r 80-81 

Grunir  To  grunt,  n 88-89 

H 

Haber    To  have,   a.,   aux., 

imp.   and   r 36-37-136 

Haeendar  To  provide  with  farm- 
ing land,   a.  and 

r 80-81 

Hacer  To  do,    make,    a.,    n. 

and  r 42-43 

Keder To  smell  badly,  n 80-81 

Helar  To  freeze,  a.,  n.  and 

r 80-81,133-134 

Henchir  To  fill,  a 90-01 

Hender    To  split,  crack,  a 80-81 

Herbar To  tan  with  herbs,  a.    80-81 

Herir   To  wound,  a.  and  r...     94-95 

Herrar  To  shoe  horses,  a 80-81 

Hervir  To  boil,  n 94-95 

Holgar  To  rest,  to  be  at  ease, 

n.  and  r 82-83-18 

Hollar To  tramp   over,  a 82-S3 

Huir To  flee,  elope,  a.,  u. 

and  r 108-109 

Humedecer  To  moisten,  a.  and  r.     84-85 


LIST  OF  IBREGUIiAR  VERBS      153 


Impedir  To  impede,   a QO-91 

Imponer To  impose,  a.  and  r.     58-59 

Imprimir  To  print,  a 24-25-162 

Improbar  To  reprove,  a 82-83 

Incensar    To  incense,  perfume, 

praise,  a 80-81 

Incluir  To  include,  a 108-109 

Indisponer    To  indispose,   a.   and 

r 58-59 

Inducir    To  induce,  a 86-87 

Inferir  To  infer,  a 94-95 

Infernar    To  make  suffer,  a 80-81 

Influir  To  influence,  a 108-109 

Ingerir    To  insert,  a.  and  r...     94-95 

Inquirir  To  inquire,  a 96-97 

Instituir    To  institute,  a 108-109 

Instruir To   instruct,  a.  and  r... 108-109 

Intervenir  To  intervene,    inter- 
rupt,  a.    and   n...     62-63 

Introducir  To  introduce, a. and  r.     86-87 

Invernar   To  pass  the  winter,  n.     80-81 

Invertir  To  invert,  a 91-95 

Investir  To  invest,  a 90-91 

Ir    To  go,  n.  and  r 44-45 

J 

Jimenzar  To  beat    the    linen 

plant,  a 80-81 

Jugar  To  play    (games),   a. 

and  n 96-99-18 


Languidecer  ....To  languish,  n 84-85 

Leer  To  read,  a 20-23 

Lueir   To  show,  display,  a., 

n.   and   r 84-85 

LL 

Llover   To  rain,    leak,    imp, 

a.,  n.   and  r 134-135 


154      LIST  OF  lEREGULAR  VERBS 

M 

Maldecir  To  curse,  a.  and  n...     46-47 

Malherir   To  wound    seriously^ 

a 94-95 

Malquerer  To  dislike,  a 50-51 

Malsonar  To  sound  badly,   n...     82-83 

Maltraer   To  maltreat,  abuse, 

a 60-61 

Mancornar   To  tie   together  two 

animals  or  things 

of  the  same  kind, 

a 82-83 

Manifestar  To  inform,  manifest, 

a.   and  r 80-81 

Manir To  mellow,     a.     and 

def 24-25, 132-133 

Mantener    To  maintain, support, 

a.   and   r 34-35 

Medir    To  measure,  a.  and  r.     90-91 

Melar  To  sweeten,  to  make 

molasses,    a.    and 

n 80-81 

Mentar    To  mention,   remind, 

name,  a 80-81 

Mentir  To  lie,    deceive,    a. 

and    n 94-95 

Merecer  To  deserve,  a.  and  n.     84-85 

Merendar  To  lunch  in  the  aft- 
ernoon, a.  and  n,  80-81 
Moblar    To  furnish  (houses), 

a 82-83 

Moler  To  grind,   molest,   a.     82-83 

Morder    To  bite,  a.  and  r 82-83 

Morir  To.  die,  n.   and  r 100-103 

Mostrar  To  show,   exhibit,  a. 

and  r 82-83 

Mover    To  move,  a.  and  r...     82-83 

Mullir    To  make  easy, 

soften,  a 88-89 

Munir  To  summon,   a 88-89 

N 
Nacer  To  be  born,  n.  and  r.     84-85 


LIST  OF  IHREGUIiAIl  VERBS      155 


Negar    To  deny,  a.  and  r 80-81-18 

Nevar    To  snow,  imp.,  a. 

and    r 80-81,  134-135 


Obstruir To  obstruct,    a.    and 

r ■ 108-109 

Obtener  To  obtain,  a 34-35 

Ofrecer To  offer,  a.  and  r 84-85 

Oir  To  hear,  a.  and  r 56-57 

Oler    *To  smell,  a.  and  n...82-83-29 

Oponer To  oppose,  a.  and  r.     58-59 

Oprimir  To  opi)ress,   a 24-25-139 


Pacer  To  graze,  a.  and  n...     84-85 

Parecer To    look    like,    resem- 
ble,   n.    and   r 84-85 

Pedir  To  ask  (favors,  etc.), 

to    order    (mer- 
chandise), a 90-91 

Pensar  To  think,  a 80-81 

Perder  To  lose,   a.   and   r 80-81 

Perniquebrar....To  break  the  legs,  a. 

and  r 80-81 

Persegiiir    To  persecute,  pursue 

a    fugitive,    dun, 

a .'. 90-91-26 

Pervertir  To  pervert^  a 94-95 

Placer    To  please,  a 84-85 

Plegar  To  fold,  plait,  a.  and 

r 80-81-18 

Poblar  To  populate,     a.,     n. 

and  r 82-83 

Poder  To  be  able,  a 48-49 

Podrir    To  rot,    putrify,    de- 
cay, a.,  n.  and  r.     74-75 

Poner  To  put,  place,   lay, 

set,  a.  and  r 58-59 

Poseer   To  possess,  a 20-23 

Posponer  To  postpone,  a 58-59 

Preconocer   To  know  before- 
hand, a 84-85 

Predeeir To  predict,   a 46-47 

Predisponer    ....To  predispose,  a.  and 

r 58-59 


156      LIST  OF  IRREGULAR  VERBS 

Preferir  To  prefer,  a.  and  r...     94-95 

Premorir  To  lead  in  death,  n.  100-103 

Presentir  To  forebode,  a 91:-95 

Presuponer  To  presuppose,  a 58-59 

Prevalecer    To  prevail,  outshine, 

n 84-85 

Prevaler    To  prevail,  n.  and  r.  104-105 

Prevenir   To  prevent,  prepare, 

foreknow,  advise, 

a.   and  r 62-63 

Prever  To  foresee,  forecast, 

a 64-65 

Probar  To  i)rove,  try,  dem- 
onstrate, a.  and  n.     82-83 

Producir   To  produce,  a.  and  r.     86-87 

Proferir  To  say,  speak,  pro- 
nounce words,  a.     94-95 

Promover    To  promote,   a 82-83 

Proponer  To  pro]^ose,  a.  and  r.     58-59 

Proseguir    To  continue,    go    on, 

go  ahead,  a 90-91-26 

Proveer  To  jjrovide,     a.     and 

r 20-23-140 

Provenir   To  come  from,  arise, 

n 62-63 

Pudrir   *To  rot,  a.,  n.  and  r...     74-75 

Q 

Quebrar  To  break,  fail,  trans- 
gress a  law,  to  be 
ruptured,  a.,  n. 
and  r 80-81 

Querer  To  want,  desire, 

wish^  love,  a 50-51 

R 

TJaer  To  grate,  scrape, 

a.    and    def 40-41-164 

Earefacer   To  rarify,  a.  and  r.  42-43-164 

Eeaparecer  To  appear   again,   n.     84-85 

Eeapretar  To  tight,  tighten, 

again,   a 80-81 

Eebullir  To  bustle    again,    n. 

and  r 88-89 


LIST  OF  IBREGULAB  VERBS      157 

Eecalentar   To  heat    again,    a. 

and  r 80-81 

Eecocer  To  boil  again,  a.  and 

r 82-83-22 

Eeeomendar   ....To  recommend,    a. 

and  r 80-81 

Eeconocer  To  recognize,  a.  and 

r 84-85 

Eecontar  To  count  again,  a 82-83 

Eeconvenir  To  recriminate, 

retort,  scold,  a...     62-63 
Eeeordar  To  remember,     re- 
mind, a.,  n.  and  r     82-83 

Eecostar   To  recline,  a.  and  r.     82-83 

Eeducir  To  reduce,  a.  and  r.     86-87 

Eeferir    To  refer,  a.  and  r 94-95 

Eefluir  To  flow   back,   n 108-109 

Eeforzar   To  reinforce,  a.   and 

r 82-83-19 

Eefregar  To  scrub^  rub  again, 

a 80-81-18 

Eefreir    To  fry  again,  a 92-93 

Reganir  To  howl   again,   n 88-89 

Eegar    To  water,   sprinkle, 

a 80-81-19 

Eegimentar To  form    into    regi- 
ments,  a 80-81 

Regir   To  rule,    govern,     a. 

and  r 90-91-29 

Eegoldar  To  belch,  eruct,  n 82-83 

Eegruiiir  To  grunt  again,  n 88-89 

Eehacer  To  remake,  make 

again,    gain 

strength  a.  and  r.     42-43 

Eehenchir  To  refill,  a.  and  r 90-91 

Eehervir   To  boil  again,  a.,  n. 

and  r 94-95 

Eehuir  To  reject,  refuse,  a., 

n.  and  r 108-109 

Eeir   To  laugh,  a.,  n.   and 

r. 92-93 

Eelueir    To  glitter,  shine,  ex- 
cel, n 84-85 

Eemendar  To  mend,  patch,  a...     80-81 


158      LIST  OF  IRREGULAR  VEBBS 

Eemorder    To  cause  remorse,  a. 

and  r 82-83 

Eemover    To  remove,  a.  and  r.     82-83 

Eenacer  To  be  born  again,  n.     84-85 

Eendir  To  render,  a.  and  r.     90-91 

Eenegar To  renegate,    aposti- 

tize,  disown,  de- 
test, abhor,  a. 
and  n 80-81-19 

Renovar    To  renovate,    renew, 

a.   and  r 82-83 

Eenir   To  quarrel,  wrangle, 

n 92-93. 

Eepensar  To  reconsider, 

think    again,   a...     80-81 

Eepetir    To  repeat,  a.,  n.  and 

r 90-91 

Eeplegar  To  fold,  plait,  re- 
treat, a.  and  r...80-81-19 

Eepoblar  To  repopulate,  a.  and 

r 82-83 

Eepodrir   To  rot   in   excess,   a. 

and  r 74-75 

Eeprobar  To  reprove    (not    to 

pass  in  examina- 
tions), a 82-83 

Eequebrar  To  compliment, 

break   again,  a...     80-81 

Eequerir   To  request,  a 94-95 

Eesaber  To  taste  very  well,  a.     52-53 

Eescontrar  To  balance,  compen- 
sate an  account, 
a 82-83 

Eesembrar    To  reset  plants,  etc., 

a 80-81 

Eesentirse To    resent,   r 94-95 

Eesollar  To  breath,  n 82-83 

Eesolver  To  resolve,  deter- 
mine, a.  and  r 82-83 

Eesonar  To  resound,  a.  and  n.      82-83 

Eesquebrar  To  crack,  start 

breaking,  n 80-81 

Eestablecer To  re-establish,  re- 
cover from  sick- 
ness a.  and  r 84-85 

Eestrinir  To  constipate, 

constrain,  a 88-89 


LIST  OF  IRREGULAR  VERBS      159 

Ketemblar  To  tremble  repeat- 

edlr,    n 80-81 

Eetener  To  retain,   a 34-35 

Eetentar   To  appear     again, 

come  back,  renew 
(sickness),  a 80-81 

Eetorcer    To  twist    again,    a. 

and   r 82-83-22 

Ketostar    To  toast  again,  roast 

again,   a 82-83 

Eetronar  To  thunder  again,  a.     82-83 

Eeventar  To  burst,  a.,  n.  and  r.     80-81 

Revestir To  dress,   to   put   on 

clerical  robes,  a., 

n.   and  r 90-91 

Eevolar  To  fly  again,  n 82-83 

Eevolcar  To  swallow,  a.  and 

r 82-83-18 

Eevolver  To  revolve,    stir    up. 

n.   and   r 82-83 

Eodar  To  roll,  n 82-83 

Eoer  To  gnaw,  a.   and 

def 108-109-164 

Eogar  To  beg.  prav, 

entreat,  'a 82-83-19 

S 

Saber  To  know,  have  in- 
formation, a.  and 

n 52-53 

Salir  To  go  out,  n.  and  r... 104-107 

Salpimentar   ....To  season  with  pep- 
per, a 80-81 

Satisfacer  To  satisfy,  a.  and  r.     42-43 

Segar  To  reap,   mow,    a 80-81-18 

Seguir   To  follow,  a.  and  r.  90-91-26 

Sembrar    To  sow^   a 80-81 

Sentar   To  seat,  to  be  becom- 
ing, a.,  n.  and  r.     80-81 

Sentir To  regret,    feel,    a., 

n.   and  r 94-95 


160      LIST  OF  rRREGULAR  VERBS 


Ser   To  be,   substantive, 

anx.  and  n 54-55 

Serrar    To  saw,   a 80-81 

Servir    To  serve,  a 90-91 

Sobresalir  To  exceed  in  height, 

to  surpass,  n 104-107 

Sobresembrar  ..To  sow    on   ground 

already  sown,  a.  80-81 
^obreverterse  ..To  spill  abundantlv, 

r "...     80-81 

Sofreir  To  fry  slightly,  a 92-93 

Soldar    To  solder,   a.  ". 82-83 

Soler    To  be  at  some  times, 

a 82-83, 132-133 

Soltar    To  loosen,    untie,    a. 

and  r 82-83 

Solver    To  solve,  a 82-83 

Sonar  To  sound,  a.,  n.  and 

r 82-83 

Sonreir    To  smile,  n.  and  r 92-93 

Sonrodarse   To  sink    the    wheels 

in  the  mudj  r 82-83 

Sonar  To  dream,  a 82-83 

Sosegar   To  appease,    quiet, 

keep  still,  a.  and 

r 80-81-18 

Sostener    To  sustain,  maintain,  - 

support,  a.  and  r.  34-35 
Soterrar To  put  under  ground, 

a 80-81 

Subarrendar  ....To  sub-rent,  let,  a...  80-81 
Subscribir  To  subscribe,  a.  and 

r 24-25-162 

Substituir  To  substitute,  a 108-109 

Substraer To  subtract,  a 60-61 

Sugerir    To  suggest,  a 94-95 

Suponer  To  suppose,  a.  and  n.     58-59 

Suprimir  To  suppress,  a 24-25-140 


Taner  To  play  instruments, 

bells,   a 88-89 

Temblar    To  tremble,  n 80-81 


LIST  OF  IHREGULAR  VERBS       161 


Tender  To  spread   out,  lay 

down,  a.  and  r 80-81 

Tener  To  have,    hold,    pos- 
sess,  a.   and  r 34-35 

Tentar  To  tempt,  touch,  trv, 

a 80-81 

Tenir   To  dye,  stain,  a.  and 

r.'  92-93 

Torcer   To  twist,  distort,  a., 

n.    and    r 82-83-22 

Tostar   To  toast,    roast,    a. 

and  r 82-83 

Tradueir   To  translate,  a 86-87 

Traer  To  bring,  a.  and  r 60-61 

Trascender   To  smell,  n 80-81 

Trascordarse  ....To  forget,  r 82-83 

Trasegar  To  overset,  decant, 

a 80-81-18 

Trasoir    To  hear  wrongly,  a.     56-57 

Trasonar  To  dream  awaken,  a.     82-83 

Trastrocar    To  change  the  order 

or    nature     of 
things,  a.  and  r.  82-83-18 

Trocar  To  exchange,  swap, 

say  one  thing  for 
another,    a.    and 

r 82-83-18 

Tronar  To  thunder,   n 82-83 

Tropezar  To  stumble,    n.    and 

r 80-81-19 

Tullir  To  be   crippled   or 

maimed,    a.,    n. 

and  r 88-89 

V 

Yaler  To  be  worth,  a.  and 

r 104-105 

Venir  To  come,  n.   and  r...  62-63 

Ver To  see.  a.   and  r 64-65 

Yerter   To  spill,    empty,    a., 

n.    and   r 80-81 

Yestir    To  dress,  a.,  n.  and  r.  90-91 

Yolar  To  flv,  a.  and  n 82-83 


162       LIST  OF  IRREGUIiAR  VEKBS 


Volcar   To  overset,  turn  up, 

a.  and  n 82-83-18 

Volver   To  return,  come  back, 

a.,  n.  and  r 82-83 

T 

Yacer  *To  lie   dead,  n.   and 

def 76-77 

Yuxtaponer To  put,  to  place  to- 
gether two  things, 
a.  and  r 58-59 

Z 

Zabullir  To  im merge,  duck, 

plunge,  a.  and  r.     88-89 

Zaherir    To  hurt  with  words, 

reproach,  upbraid, 

a 94-95 

Zambullir    To  immerge,  plunge, 

duck,  a.  and  r 88-89 


Notes  on  Regular  Verbs 

The  following  regular  verbs  have  irregu- 
lar past  participles. 

Abrir,  abierto  To  open,  opened 

Cubrir,  cubierto  To  cover,  covered 

Escribir,  escrito  To  write,  written 

Imprimir,  impreso  To  print,  printed 

Verbs  ending  in  iar  or  uar  must  have  the 
stress  indicated  by  an  acute  accent  mark 
when  it  falls  on  the  weak  vowel  of  the 
termination.     Example: 

INTINITIVE  MODE. 
Eociar,  Valuar  To  sprinkle,  to  value 

INDICATIVE  MODE.     Present. 

Eocio,  valuo  I  sprinkle,  I  value 

Eocias,  valuas  Thou  sprinklest,  etc. 

Eocia,  valua  He  sprinkles,  etc. 

Eociamos  valuamos  We  sprinkle,  etc. 

Eociais,  valuais  You  sprinkle,  etc. 

Eocian,  valiian  They  sprinkle,  etc. 


NOTES— REGULAS  VERBS 


163 


IMPERATIVE  MODE. 
Eocia,  valua  tu  Sprinkle,  value  (thou) 


Eocle,  value  Ud. 

Sprinkle,  value  (you), 

Eociemos, 

Let  us  sprinkle,      (S. 

valuemos  N. 

value 

Eociad,  valuad  V. 

Sprinkle,  value  (you), 

Sing,  and  Plu. 

Eocien,  valuen 

Sprinkle,  value  (you). 

Plu. 

SUBJUNCTIVE 

MODE.     Present. 

Que  JO  rocie, 

That  I  may  sprinkle, 

value 

etc. 

"    tu  rocies, 

That  thou  mayest 

values 

sprinkle,  etc. 

"    el    rocie, 

That  he  may  sprinkle, 

value 

etc. 

"     N.    rociemos, 

That  we  may  sprinkle, 

valuemos 

etc. 

'  '■     V.    rocieis, 

That   you  may 

valueis 

sprinkle,  etc. 

^'     E.    rocien, 

That  they  may 

valuen 

sprinkle,  etc. 

The  verbs  ending  in  guar,  same  as: 

Cambiar,  To  change, 

diferenciar  to  differentiate 

Estudiar,  limpiar         To  study,  to  clean 
Prineipiar,presenciar  To  begin,  to  witness, 
remediar  to  remedy 

do  not  accent  the  weak  vowel. 


Verbs  of  the  second  and  third  conjuga^ 
tion  whose  stems  end  in  a  like  raer  (to 
scrape),  in  e  like  creer  (to  believe),  or  in 
o  like  roer  (to  gnaw),  require  a  written 
accent  on  the  weak  vowel  of  the  past  parti- 
ciple for  the  sake  of  euphony: 

Eaido,  creldo,  roido  (scraped,  believed, 
gnawed). 


Notes  on  Irregular  Verbs 

DECIR  (to  say).  Diz  was  used  instead  of 
dice;  but  at  present  is  used  in  an  imper- 
sonal form  only  and  meaning  dicen 
(they  say) :  Diz  que  habra  guerra  (It  is 
said  that  there  will  be  war).  Diz  que  ese 
hombre  es  rico  (It  is  said  or  they  say 
that  that  man  is  rich). 

EEEAR  (To  err) 

This  verb  is  conjugated  like  Acertar 
(pages  80-81),  but  the  i  is  converted  into 
y  whenever  the  i  forms  syllable  with  the 
following  vowel: 

INDICATIVE  MODE— Present. 

Yerro,    yerras,    yerra,    erramos,     errais, 
yerran. 

IMPERATIVE  MODE. 

Yerra  tu,  yerre  Ud.,  erremos,  N.,  errad  V., 
yerren  Uds. 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE— Present. 

Yerre,     yerres,     yerre,     erremos,     erreis, 
yerren. 

RAER  (to  scrape).  This  verb,  but  little 
used,  is  conjugated  like  caer  with  the 
following  exceptions: 

INDICATIVE  MODE— Present. 

Eaigo,  or  rayo,  I  scrape. 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE— Present. 

Raiga    or    raya,    raigas    or    rayas,    etc., 
That  I  may  scrape. 
EOER     (to    gnaw)     and    its    compound 
CORROER    (to    corrode)    have    the    fol- 
lowing peculiarities: 

INDICATIVE  MODE— Present. 

Roo,  roigo  or  royo,  etc.,  I  gnaw,  etc. 

SUBJUNCTIVE  MODE— Present. 

Roa,    roya    or    roiga,    etc.,    That   I    may 
gnaw,  etc. 
RAREFACER  (to  rarify).     The  past  par- 
ticiple of  this  verb  is  rarefacto. 


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